apush test unit 6

utopian communities

reform communities w a common goal to reorganize society on a cooperative basis, hoping to restore social harmony w/ individualism and narrow gap between rich and poor/gender relations and roles

shakers

people who believed god had "dual" personality -> male and female -> both genders equal spiritually and work was equally important; completely abandoned traditional family life

oneida

dictorial community that similarly got rid of private property and family roles, but taught community that they formed a "holy family" of equals where "complex marriage" was allowed

Brook Farm

area near boston that hoped to demonstrate that manual and intellectual labor could co exist harmoniously

robert owen and communitarianism

man who was appalled by worker's conditions in industrial rev. -> mad a system that provided work, housing, and education to make sure worker received full value of labor

new harmony

community bought by robert in indiana -> wanted to believe in women's rights, education, divorce, and believed in children all being taken and educated separately and specially; lasted a few years, but changed/influenced labor movement and belief equals can be made in the new world

"burned over districts"

regions that are stunted from improvement bc of intense rivalry; used as an argument by "perfectionists" who believed individuals and soceity as a large as capable of indefinite improvement

American Temperance Society

sought to convince americans to renounce liquor

horace mann

director of board of education who wanted universal public education to restore equality and equip the less fortunate in a fractured society

common schools

tax supported state school systems open to all children

mcguffy reader

every school children's read form that contained english lessons as well as patriotic and moral lessons

american colonization society

idea that abolition would not happen unless black americans were deported to africa; promoted abolition w deporting

liberia

a place on the coast of africa w/ an outpost of american influcne where the capital is named after james monroe

american anti-slavery society

northern groups taht were devoted to abolition, most being ordinary citizens

william lloyd garrison

writer of propaganda journal that spread to all anti-slavery circles for immediate abolition

the liberator

journal that made abolitionists have a permanent voice

moral suasion

non use of violence and rather a convincing of sinfulness behavior

lydia maria child

insisted blacks shouldnt be seen as africans as white to englishmen in citizenship

grimke sisters

abolitionists and womens right advocates; lectured in public as women

uncle tom's cabin

autobiography of fugitive slave, josiah henson; portrayed enslaved as sympathetic and christian -> sent a powerful abolition message w/ human appeal; where idea of subservient non challenging slave comes from (anne moody)

gag rule

prohibited consideration of emancipation in the nation's capital

harriet tubman

former slave who formed a network of abolitionists that secretly helped slaves escaped to freedom w/ hiding places and routes to the north

dorothea dix

school teacher who was the leading advocate for a more humane treatment towards the insane; led to the construction of mental hospitals

elizabeth cady stanton and lucretia mott

key organizers of the seneca falls convention and veterans of the anti slavery crusade; stanton was the principle author of the seneca falls declaration of sentiments on the declaration of independence

seneca falls convention

a gathering on behalf of women's rights that raised the issue of women's suffrage for the first time; argument that freedom was impossible w/o access to the ballot

women's suffrage

women's right to vote; a 70 year struggle for women

liberty party

political group determined to make abolitionism a political movement

tejanos

texas, the first part of mexico americans settled in; name for non-indian population of spanish origin

stephen austin

leader of economic boom in texas, mexico with tejanos that reintroduced slavery from american settlers

stanta anna

sent an army to impose central authority, but whiplash claimed he was trying to free slaves and make everyone slaves themseleves

texas revolt

response to santa anna where rebels formed a provisional government for texas' independence

republic of texas

republic that attracted slave owning americans and wanted ot merge w the u.s. but was dismissed by van buren bc of the idea of another slave state

election of 1844

election where john tyler used absorbtion of texas to gain southern support for reelection

james k polk

former governor of tn whose main assets in the election was his support annexation and his close association w andrew jackson

49th parallel

compromise w/ great britian made by james k polk that split oregon territory on this line

mexican war

first war/american conflict to be fought on foreign ground and first where u.s. troppes occupied a foreign capital; questioned by lincoln regarding the president's power to "make war at pleasure"

bear flag republic

california's name by u.s. when it was in mexico's control

treaty of guadalupe hidalgo

confirmed the annexation of texas and ceded california, present day nm, az, nevada, and utah to u.s.

mexican cession

name for the land annexed from mexico

gadsden purchase

a parcel of additional land bought from mexico in 1853 and alaska, acquired from russia in 1867

race and manifest destiny

ideas about racial superiority and creation of race during annexation of mexico land and which non-whites were too unfit for citizenship

gold rush

a mania for gold that attracted emigrants to cali bc of newspaper accounts of instant wealth found by early migrants

wilmot proviso

a proposed resolution that would prohibit slavery from alll territories acquired from mexico; widely supported by everyone except south

free soil party

group of oppponents of slavery's expansion that nominated martin van buren and lewis cass for presidnetial nominees

compromise of 1850

made to avert crisis between south and north; called for an extension of missouri compromise line to the pacific ocean and a stronger fugitive slave law

fugitive slave act

allowed special federal commissioners to determine the fate of alleged fugitives w/o benefit of a jury or testimony; made the aid of fugitives a federal crime

stephen douglas

introduced a bill to provide territorial governments for kansas and nebraska located within louisana purchase; made to satisfy sectional conflect; applied popular sovereignty

popular sovereignty

status of slavery to be determined by the votes of local settlers, not congress

kasas nebraska act

overrode missouri compromise w/ popular sovereignty in kansas and nebraska

republican party

northern whigs who where dedicated to preventing the further expansion of slavery

northern economy of 1850

explosive economic growth from the catalyst of the completion of the railroad network; completion of market rev. and beginning of mass immigration from europe

know nothing party

political group that was dedicated to reserving political office for native born americans and resist "aggressions" of catholic church

slave power

north's name for southern leaders who were proslavery; called them an immediate threat to their freedom and aspirations, rather than immigration

bleeding kansas

when free state settlers made a rival government and a minor civil war in the state; occured killing zoo; discreited decision to leave slavery up to states and aided republicans

dread scott and sanford

supreme court deeming that only white persons could be citizens of the united states; if congress couldnt limit slavery? why can a state legislature do so? in favor of south

lecompton battle

constitution written to admit a state as a slave state; never voted on by popular vote; outraged cuz it was a violation of popular soveriegnity; convinced southern democrats that they couldnt' trust party's most popular northern leader

abraham lincoln

gave voice to the central values of the emerginv republic party in stopping the expansion of slavery

lincoln douglas debate

america must either choose favor or opposing slavery vs self governemnt and self determination to have a diverse nation

John Brown

a secular hero willing to kill and sacrifice for what he saw immoral and racial injustice, assaulted the federal arsenal, harpers ferry

harpers ferry

captured and seized arsenal by john brown and his followers for abolition

ostend manifesto

an event where a group of southerners met w/ spanish officials in belgium to attempt to get more slave territory

southern nationalism

want of southern expansion and independence to prevent more downfall of economy and debt from slave prices and countering north's growing strength

election of 1860

lincoln v douglas v breckinsi; douglas had votes from whole nation, but lincoln had majority vote especially from north; douglas lacked a sectional loyalty

secessionist movement

when proslavery states in south separated from the union (11 states) during lincoln's election

crittenden's compromise

agreement plan where missouri compromise line would be expanded to prevent war; rejected by northerners -> main principle: NO expansion

confederate states of america

seceding states from america

fort sumter

first shot from south that started the civil war