Prevention and Control of Diseases and Illnesses

primary prevention

Measures are implemented to prevent a disease from occurring

secondary prevention

Measures are implemented to detect (screen) and treat diseases early

tertiary prevention

Measures are implemented to reduce the severity and overall effects of the disease or injury

What are the modes of transmission for communicable and infectious diseases?

waterborne, foodborne, zoonotic, and vector-borne

Globally, many waterborne infections cause

diarrhea (5th leading cause of death among children)

What are the 3 most common waterborne illnesses?

Otitis Externa

Norovirus

Giardiasis

What is another name for foodborne illnesses?

food poisoning

What are the most common foodborne illnesses?

norovirus, salmonella, clostridium perfringens, campylobacter, and staphylococcus aureus

Who are at risk for foodborne/zoonotic illnesses?

Young children

Pregnant people

Older adults

People whose immune system is compromised due to illness or from receiving treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy

what are some symptoms of food poisoning? is there a treatment?

abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

nah its self limiting (solves on its own)

perishable foods should be refrigerated within

2 hours

Food Safety Steps

clean, separate, cook, chill

What are zoonotic diseases?

illnesses that can spread between humans and animals and account for over half of infectious organisms affecting humans.

What are vectors?

living organisms that can spread infectious agents between human hosts or from animal reservoirs to human hosts

examples:

Ticks

Mosquitos

Fleas

What are some ways to preventing tick and mosquito bites?

Apply EPA-registered insect repellants prior to being outside

Cover your skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants

Inspect clothing and body for ticks

Keep mosquitoes away from your home by using screens on windows and doors and removing standing water where mosquitoes could lay eggs

Keep ticks away from home by clearing bushes and tall grass and mowing the lawn

examples of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases

Malaria

Lyme Disease

West Nile Virus

What is the chain of infection?

1. Infectious Agent

2. Reservoir

3. Portal of Exit

4. Mode of Transmission

5. Portal of Entry

6. Susceptible Host