Physical Metallurgy

C. Physical Metallurgy

Which branch of metallurgy focuses on how composition, processing, and environmental conditions affect the physical and mechanical properties of metals?
A. Extractive Metallurgy
B. Chemical Metallurgy
C. Physical Metallurgy
D. Hydrometallurgy

B. The stable energy state where atoms or electrons are bound

In solid-state metallurgy, the term potential well refers to:
A. The energy barrier that prevents free electron movement
B. The stable energy state where atoms or electrons are bound
C. The external force required to deform a crystal
D. The mechanical strength of a polycrystalline metal

B. Ionic bond

The bonding in NaCl crystals, where electrons are transferred from sodium to chlorine, is classified as:
A. Covalent bond
B. Ionic bond
C. Metallic bond
D. Hydrogen bond

B. Covalent bond

Which type of bonding is dominant in diamond, giving it extreme hardness?
A. Metallic bond
B. Covalent bond
C. Ionic bond
D. van der Waals bond

C. Hydrogen bonding

The unusually high boiling point of water compared to H₂S is primarily due to:
A. Ionic bonding
B. Metallic bonding
C. Hydrogen bonding
D. van der Waals bonding

C. Metallic bond

The "sea of electrons" model, responsible for high electrical and thermal conductivity of metals, describes which type of bonding?
A. Ionic bond
B. Covalent bond
C. Metallic bond
D. Hydrogen bond

D. van der Waals bond

Graphite layers are held together by weak intermolecular forces. This bonding is best described as:
A. Ionic bond
B. Covalent bond
C. Metallic bond
D. van der Waals bond

B. Transgranular fracture

A steel specimen subjected to stress breaks by cleavage that passes through the grains rather than along the boundaries. This mode of fracture is called:
A. Intergranular fracture
B. Transgranular fracture
C. Brittle boundary failure
D. Ductile fracture

B. Intergranular fracture

In a failed alloy sample, microscopic examination reveals that the crack propagated along the grain boundaries due to corrosion attack. This is an example of:
A. Transgranular fracture
B. Intergranular fracture
C. Fatigue fracture
D. Cleavage fracture

C. Fatigue

Considering that such failures account for about 90% of all service failures in metals, the most probable cause of failure is:
A. Creep
B. Corrosion
C. Fatigue
D. Brittle fracture

C. Mechanical Forming

It refers to methods by which metallic materials are mechanically shaped into other product forms without changing their solid state. What is this process called?
A. Casting
B. Powder Metallurgy
C. Mechanical Forming
D. Heat Treatment

C. Wrought metals

Products that result from mechanical forming processes, such as rolling, forging, or extrusion, are generally called:
A. Pig iron
B. Ingots
C. Wrought metals
D. Sintered metals

B. Hot working

The forming process carried out above the recrystallization temperature of the metal, where strain hardening is avoided and ductility is retained, is known as:
A. Cold working
B. Hot working
C. Heat treatment
D. Casting

C. Cold working

The forming process performed below the recrystallization temperature of the metal, where strain hardening strengthens the material, is referred to as:
A. Forging
B. Extrusion
C. Cold working
D. Annealing

C. Forging

The metal forming process that involves mechanically deforming a single piece of metal through successive blows or continuous squeezing is called:
A. Extrusion
B. Rolling
C. Forging
D. Drawing

D. Extrusion

The metal forming process in which a billet is forced to flow through a die opening, producing a product of reduced cross-section and elongated shape, is called:
A. Rolling
B. Drawing
C. Forging
D. Extrusion

A. Rolling

The metal forming process that reduces the thickness or changes the cross-sectional area of a metal by passing it between two rotating rolls is known as:
A. Rolling
B. Drawing
C. Extrusion
D. Forging

B. Drawing

The metal forming process in which a metal piece is pulled through a die to reduce its diameter and increase its length is called:
A. Extrusion
B. Drawing
C. Rolling
D. Forging

B. Casting

The process of manufacturing metal parts by pouring molten metal into a mold, allowing it to solidify, and then removing the solidified product is known as:
A. Forging
B. Casting
C. Rolling
D. Extrusion

A. Sand Casting

A manufacturing method where molten metal is poured into a mold made of compacted sand, typically used for large parts such as engine blocks, is called:
A. Sand Casting
B. Investment Casting
C. Die Casting
D. Continuous Casting

B. Permanent Mold Casting

When a mold made of metal is reused repeatedly to cast the same shape, the process is referred to as:
A. Sand Casting
B. Permanent Mold Casting
C. Powder Metallurgy
D. Lost Wax Casting

C. Investment Casting

Which casting process uses wax patterns coated with refractory material, later melted away to leave a mold cavity for molten metal?
A. Die Casting
B. Continuous Casting
C. Investment Casting
D. Powder Metallurgy

A. Die Casting

The casting process in which molten metal is forced under high pressure into a reusable steel mold is known as:
A. Die Casting
B. Sand Casting
C. Permanent Molding
D. Powder Metallurgy

B. Continuous Casting

Which metallurgical process produces semi-finished billets, blooms, or slabs directly from molten metal in a continuous stream?
A. Powder Metallurgy
B. Continuous Casting
C. Forging
D. Extrusion

B. Powder Metallurgy

The process where metal powders are compacted into a desired shape and then heated to form a solid product is called:
A. Forging
B. Powder Metallurgy
C. Continuous Casting
D. Investment Casting

C. Sintering

The heat treatment process in powder metallurgy where compacted powders are heated below the melting point to bond particles together is known as:
A. Melting
B. Forging
C. Sintering
D. Extrusion

C. Soldering

A joining process that uses a filler metal with a melting point below 450 °C, without melting the base metals, is called:
A. Welding
B. Brazing
C. Soldering
D. Sintering

A. Brazing

A metal joining process where a filler metal with a melting point above 450 °C but below the melting point of the base metals is used is known as:
A. Brazing
B. Welding
C. Soldering
D. Casting

B. Adhesive bonding

Which joining method involves holding materials together by the application of an adhesive layer that transmits loads between the surfaces?
A. Welding
B. Adhesive bonding
C. Brazing
D. Soldering

A. Welding

The process of permanently joining two metals by coalescence, usually involving heat and sometimes pressure, is called:
A. Welding
B. Adhesive bonding
C. Forging
D. Sintering

C. Degree of liberation

In mineral processing, the term that describes the percentage of the valuable mineral that is freed from gangue after grinding is:
A. Recovery rate
B. Enrichment factor
C. Degree of liberation
D. Concentration ratio

B. Free particles

In ore beneficiation, particles that consist entirely of a valuable mineral without gangue attachment are known as:
A. Locked particles
B. Free particles
C. Composite particles
D. Middlings

B. Locked particles

In mineral processing, particles that contain both valuable mineral and gangue, making separation difficult, are called:
A. Free particles
B. Locked particles
C. Disseminated particles
D. Sorted particles

B. Middlings

the term for particles that contain both valuable minerals and gangue in such proportions that they are neither considered pure concentrate nor waste is:
A. Tailings
B. Middlings
C. Free particles
D. Locked particles