Studied by 0 people
independent groups
each participant is allocated to a group and participates in one experimental condition » data from each group is independent of the other
repeated measures
each participant completes all conditions » data is related due to individual performance differences
matched pairs
participants are paired up based on variables relevant to the experiment; each half of the pair is randomly allocated to a condition
strengths of independent groups
order effects cannot be observed
less time-consuming to collect data as experiments can be carried out simultaneously
participants less likely to guess aims
weaknesses of independent groups
risk of participant variables affecting results, reducing internal validity
difficult and time consuming to recruit different participants to each condition
ways to reduce the impact of participant variables in independent groups
random allocation of participants to evenly distribute participant variables
large sample size
strengths of repeated measures
no participant variables » high internal validity
fewer participants need to be recruited
order effect
how the sequence of conditions in a repeated measures design affects participant performance
weaknesses of repeated measures
risk of order effects impacting the results, as participants may become better or worse at the task with experience
high chance participants will figure out the study’s aim » increases demand characteristics
way to reduce order effects
counterbalancing: each group has a different order to complete the conditions in
strengths of matched pairs
participants only complete one condition » demand characteristics reduced and no order effects
risk of participant variables affecting results is reduced » increases internal validity
weaknesses of matched pairs
expensive and time consuming to match up participants
difficult to match up participants identically
Note
Flashcard