lec 14 slide 21
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9 Terms
How many ATP and NADPH are required to fix one molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) in the Calvin cycle?
9 ATP and 6 NADPH
Why doesn’t the Z-scheme alone provide enough ATP for carbon fixation?
For every electron: 1 NADPH is made, but only 2 protons are pumped → insufficient for ATP synthesis
More ATP than NADPH is required for the Calvin cycle
How does the chloroplast solve the ATP/NADPH imbalance?
By using cyclic photophosphorylation
What happens to electrons in cyclic photophosphorylation?
Electrons from ferredoxin are cycled back to plastoquinone instead of reducing NADP⁺
Which photosystem is used in cyclic photophosphorylation?
Only Photosystem I
What is the main product of cyclic photophosphorylation?
A proton gradient, which drives ATP synthesis
becaused photosystem II and FNR are bypassed, cyciic photophosphorylation doesnt produce what
oxygen or NADPH
Does cyclic photophosphorylation produce NADPH or O₂?
No — it bypasses Photosystem II and FNR, so no NADPH or O₂ is produced
Why is cyclic photophosphorylation important for the Calvin cycle?
It increases ATP production per NADPH, ensuring there is enough energy to fix carbon efficiently
