Anatomy- Term 3 Exam

what are bones made of

bone cells, minerals, bone marrow, blood vessels and nerves

slightly moveable joints (cartilaginous)

ribs joining sternum

what are the three types of joints

immoveable (fibrous)

slightly moveable (cartilaginous)

moveable (synovial)

clavicle

collar bone

humerus

upper arm

radius

thumb to elbow

ulna

little finger to elbow

Ribs

surround chest

pelvis/pelvic girdle

hips

femur

upper thigh

tibia

shin bone

Metatarsals

ankle to toes

patella

kneecap

deltoid

shoulder

trapezius

upper back and neck

wrist extensors

forearm back

what are the five functions of the human skeleton

shape, support, protection, mineral storage, supply of blood cells

what are the 4 types of bones

long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones

long bone

longer than it is wide, to support bodyweight and facilitate movement. example: femur

short bone

cube shaped bone to provide stability and support with limited movement. example: carpals

flat bones

thin, flattened, and usually curved, protects internal organs and makes a broad surface area for muscle attachment. example: scapulae

irregular bone

complex shape, projections, ridges, notches, fulfils particular functions. example: vertebrae

what age do we stop growing

25

cranium

skull

mandible

jaw

sternum

breast bone

fibula

outside of lower leg (calf bone)

coccyx

tail bone

sacrum

base of spine (vertebral column)

carpals

wrist bones

tarsals

ankle bones

vertebral column

back of skull to sacrum

Metacarpals

bones in palm of hand

phalanges

fingers and toes

scapula

shoulder blade

superior

closer to head than another part

inferior

closer to feet than another part

anterior

towards front of body

posterior

towards back of body

medial

towards imaginary midline of body

lateral

away from imaginary midline of body

proximal

closer to its attachment point

distal

further from attachment point than another

what are the four main functions of muscles

produce movement, maintain posture, stabilize joints, generate heat

pectoralis major

chest

latissimus dorsi

back of rib cage

biceps

front of upper arm

triceps

back of upper arm

rectus abdominis

stomach

gluteus maximus

bottom

quadriceps

front of thigh

hamstrings

back of thigh

gastrocnemius

calf

tibialis anterior

front of lower leg

sartorius

inner upper thigh

wrist flexors

front of forearm

joint

two or more bones meet

immoveable joints (fibrous)

pelvic bones, skull

moveable joints (synovial)

hinge joints, ball and socket, pivot joint

cartilage

connective tissue

tendon

Connects muscle to bone

ligament

Connects bone to bone

flexion

decreases angle

extension

increases angle

abduction

away from body

adduction

movement towards the midline of body

pronation

palm facing down or foot rolls inwards

supination

palm facing up or rolling foot outward

plantar flexion

point toes downwards

dorsiflexion

bending of toes upwards

circumduction

circular movement of body part

rotatation

turns but doesnt go in a full circle (eg. turning your neck)