lol

B. Homogeneous mixture

What type of mixture is a solution?
A. Heterogeneous mixture
B. Homogeneous mixture
C. Colloid
D. Suspension

C. Solvent

Which component of a solution is present in greater quantity?
A. Solute
B. Precipitate
C. Solvent
D. Product

A. Like dissolves like

What is the general rule for solubility?
A. Like dissolves like
B. Unlike dissolves unlike
C. Polar dissolves nonpolar
D. Nonpolar dissolves polar

D. Ion-dipole interaction

What type of intermolecular force occurs when ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents?
A. Dispersion forces
B. Dipole-dipole interaction
C. Hydrogen bonding
D. Ion-dipole interaction

B. Hydrophilic

What term describes water-loving compounds?
A. Hydrophobic
B. Hydrophilic
C. Amphipathic
D. Lipophilic

C. Amphipathic/Amphiphilic

What term describes compounds with both polar and nonpolar groups?
A. Hydrophobic
B. Hydrophilic
C. Amphipathic/Amphiphilic
D. Homogeneous

D. Micelles

What spherical structures do soap molecules form in water?
A. Vesicles
B. Liposomes
C. Emulsions
D. Micelles

A. Solvation

What is the dissolution process called?
A. Solvation
B. Precipitation
C. Crystallization
D. Sublimation

C. Rate of solvation = rate of precipitation

What occurs at solubility equilibrium?
A. No more solute dissolves
B. All solvent evaporates
C. Rate of solvation = rate of precipitation
D. Temperature becomes constant

B. Solubility decreases

As the number of carbons in an organic molecule increases, what happens to its polarity and water solubility?
A. Solubility increases
B. Solubility decreases
C. Solubility remains constant
D. Polarity increases

C. 1-4 carbons

Small polar molecules with how many carbons are typically soluble in water if they have polar functional groups?
A. 1-2 carbons
B. 1-3 carbons
C. 1-4 carbons
D. 1-5 carbons

D. Above 3 carbons

At what point do alcohols generally become mostly immiscible with water?
A. Above 1 carbon
B. Above 2 carbons
C. Above 4 carbons
D. Above 3 carbons

A. Miscible

What term describes liquids that are entirely soluble in all proportions?
A. Miscible
B. Immiscible
C. Insoluble
D. Saturated

B. Dispersion forces

Which intermolecular force is present in all molecules, both polar and nonpolar?
A. Hydrogen bonding
B. Dispersion forces
C. Dipole-dipole interactions
D. Ion-dipole interactions

C. Hydrogen bonding

What special type of dipole-dipole interaction occurs when hydrogen is bonded to O, N, or F?
A. Van der Waals forces
B. London forces
C. Hydrogen bonding
D. Ionic bonding

C. Aqueous NaOH

Strong and weak organic acids are soluble in which solvent?
A. Water only
B. Aqueous HCl
C. Aqueous NaOH (5%)
D. Hexane

B. Aqueous NaHCO₃

Only strong organic acids (carboxylic acids) react with which solvent?
A. Aqueous NaOH
B. Aqueous NaHCO₃ (5%)
C. Aqueous HCl
D. Water

D. Aqueous HCl

Basic organic compounds (amines) are soluble in which solvent?
A. Aqueous NaOH
B. Aqueous NaHCO₃
C. Water only
D. Aqueous HCl (5%)

B. Carboxylic acids

Which functional group is soluble in both NaOH and NaHCO₃?
A. Phenols
B. Carboxylic acids
C. Amines
D. Alcohols

A. Phenols

Which functional group is soluble in NaOH but NOT in NaHCO₃?
A. Phenols
B. Carboxylic acids
C. Amines
D. Esters

C. Sodium pentanoate

Which will be most soluble in water?
A. Pentanol
B. Pentanoic acid
C. Sodium pentanoate
D. Pentane

C. 1,2,3,4-Cyclohexanetetraol

Which compound is most readily dissolved in water?
A. Hexanol
B. Cyclohexanol
C. 1,2,3,4-Cyclohexanetetraol
D. Hexane

D. Hexane

Which compound is least soluble in water?
A. Ethanol
B. Propanol
C. Butanol
D. Hexane

C. HCl > propanoic acid > water > propylamine

What is the correct order of decreasing acidity?
A. water > propanoic acid > propylamine > HCl
B. propanoic acid > HCl > propylamine > water
C. HCl > propanoic acid > water > propylamine
D. propylamine > water > propanoic acid > HCl

B. They cannot form hydrogen bonds to compete with solvent-solvent interactions

Why are hydrophobic compounds water-insoluble?
A. They are too large
B. They cannot form hydrogen bonds to compete with solvent-solvent interactions
C. They are negatively charged
D. They have too many carbons

A. More electrons and larger electron clouds

Why do dispersion forces increase with molar mass?
A. More electrons and larger electron clouds
B. More polar bonds
C. Stronger ionic interactions
D. Greater hydrogen bonding

D. Increased surface area

Why does n-pentane have a higher boiling point than neopentane despite having the same mass?
A. Stronger hydrogen bonds
B. More polar groups
C. Ionic character
D. Increased surface area

B. Conjugation decreases basicity

What happens to the basicity of amines with increased conjugation?
A. Conjugation increases basicity
B. Conjugation decreases basicity
C. Conjugation has no effect
D. Conjugation removes basicity entirely

C. 12-24 carbons

Lauric acid is a fatty acid composed of how many carbons?
A. 6-12 carbons
B. 8-18 carbons
C. 12-24 carbons
D. 16-30 carbons

A. Water soluble salts

Carboxylic acids react with sodium hydroxide to form what?
A. Water soluble salts
B. Insoluble precipitates
C. Gases
D. Esters

B. Alkene

Cyclohexene is a representative of what type of hydrocarbon?
A. Alkane
B. Alkene
C. Alkyne
D. Aromatic

D. Aromatic compound

Naphthalene is a representative of what class?
A. Alkane
B. Alkene
C. Alkyne
D. Aromatic compound

C. Alkylated aromatic compound

Toluene is a representative of what?
A. Pure alkane
B. Cycloalkane
C. Alkylated aromatic compound
D. Alcohol

A. Meth

What is the root name for 1 carbon?
A. Meth
B. Eth
C. Prop
D. But

B. Pent

What is the root name for 5 carbons?
A. But
B. Pent
C. Hex
D. Hept

C. -ol

What suffix is used for alcohols?
A. -ane
B. -ene
C. -ol
D. -oic acid

D. -oic acid

What suffix is used for carboxylic acids?
A. -ane
B. -al
C. -one
D. -oic acid

B. Carbonyl group (C=O)

What functional group do aldehydes and ketones share?
A. Hydroxyl group
B. Carbonyl group (C=O)
C. Carboxyl group
D. Amino group

A. At least one hydrogen on the carbonyl carbon

What distinguishes an aldehyde from a ketone?
A. At least one hydrogen on the carbonyl carbon
B. Two alkyl groups on the carbonyl carbon
C. A hydroxyl group
D. An aromatic ring

C. Methyl ketones

What are ketones with at least one methyl group attached to the carbonyl called?
A. Aromatic ketones
B. Aliphatic ketones
C. Methyl ketones
D. Cyclic ketones

B. Baeyer's Test

Which test uses 0.1% aqueous KMnO₄ as a reagent?
A. Nitration Test
B. Baeyer's Test
C. Iodine Test
D. Lucas Test

C. Concentrated HNO₃/Concentrated H₂SO₄

What is the nitrating agent used in the Nitration Test?
A. Dilute HNO₃
B. Dilute H₂SO₄
C. Concentrated HNO₃/Concentrated H₂SO₄
D. NaOH/HCl

A. I₂ crystals

What reagent is used in the Iodine Test for hydrocarbons?
A. I₂ crystals
B. Br₂ in CCl₄
C. KMnO₄
D. FeCl₃

B. Oxidized to a diol

What happens to the alkene in Baeyer's Test?
A. Oxidized to a carboxylic acid
B. Oxidized to a diol
C. Oxidized to an aldehyde
D. Reduced to an alkane

C. Brown precipitate in colorless solution

What is the positive result for Baeyer's Test?
A. Yellow precipitate
B. Purple solution remains
C. Brown precipitate in colorless solution
D. Silver mirror

B. Yellow precipitate/layer

What is the positive result for Nitration Test?
A. Brown precipitate
B. Yellow precipitate/layer
C. Blue solution
D. Orange solution

D. Brown spots on filter paper

What is the positive result for Iodine Test?
A. Yellow spots
B. Purple spots
C. No color change
D. Brown spots on filter paper

A. Cyclohexane

Which compound will NOT react in Baeyer's Test?
A. Cyclohexane
B. Cyclohexene
C. Alkenes
D. Alkynes

C. Tests for unsaturation

What does Baeyer's Test primarily identify?
A. Aromatic compounds
B. Alkanes only
C. Tests for unsaturation (double/triple bonds)
D. Alcohols

B. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

What type of reaction occurs in the Nitration of Benzene?
A. Addition reaction
B. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
C. Elimination reaction
D. Oxidation-reduction

D. K₂Cr₂O₇/H₂SO₄

What is the reagent used in Jones Test?
A. Conc. HCl/ZnCl₂
B. AgNO₃/NH₄OH
C. FeCl₃
D. K₂Cr₂O₇/H₂SO₄ (10% K₂Cr₂O₇ + 6M H₂SO₄)

B. Conc. HCl/ZnCl₂

What is the Lucas reagent?
A. K₂Cr₂O₇/H₂SO₄
B. Conc. HCl/ZnCl₂
C. AgNO₃/NH₄OH
D. DNPH/ethanol

C. 10% FeCl₃ solution

What reagent is used in Ferric Chloride Test?
A. 5% FeCl₃
B. 1% FeCl₃
C. 10% FeCl₃ solution
D. Concentrated FeCl₃

B. Blue-green solution

What is the positive result for Jones Test?
A. Orange solution remains
B. Blue-green solution
C. Yellow precipitate
D. Silver mirror

A. Orange solution remains

What is the negative result for Jones Test?
A. Orange solution remains
B. Blue-green solution
C. Brown precipitate
D. Purple solution

C. Cloudy solution/turbidity

What is the positive result for Lucas Test?
A. Clear solution
B. Color change to blue
C. Cloudy solution/turbidity
D. Precipitate forms

D. Magenta red/purple solution

What is the positive result for Ferric Chloride Test?
A. Yellow solution
B. Blue solution
C. Orange solution
D. Magenta red/purple solution

C. Tertiary alcohols

Which alcohols react immediately (within 5 minutes) in Lucas Test?
A. Primary alcohols
B. Secondary alcohols
C. Tertiary alcohols
D. Phenols

B. Secondary alcohols

Which alcohols require heating in Lucas Test to show cloudiness?
A. Primary alcohols
B. Secondary alcohols
C. Tertiary alcohols
D. All alcohols

A. Primary alcohols

Which alcohols do NOT form cloudiness even with heating in Lucas Test?
A. Primary alcohols
B. Secondary alcohols
C. Tertiary alcohols
D. Phenols

D. Phenol

Which compound gives a positive Ferric Chloride Test?
A. n-Butanol
B. 2-Butanol
C. tert-Butanol
D. Phenol

B. Oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols

What does Jones Test primarily identify?
A. Distinguishes all three alcohol types
B. Oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols
C. Tests for phenols
D. Tests for esters

C. Primary alcohols → aldehydes; Secondary alcohols → ketones

What products form when alcohols are oxidized in Jones Test?
A. All form carboxylic acids
B. All form ketones
C. Primary alcohols → aldehydes; Secondary alcohols → ketones
D. All form esters

A. Tertiary alcohols and ketones

Which compounds give a negative Jones Test (orange solution remains)?
A. Tertiary alcohols and ketones
B. Primary alcohols
C. Secondary alcohols
D. Aldehydes

D. Distinguishes primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols

What is the purpose of Lucas Test?
A. Tests for aldehydes
B. Tests for ketones
C. Tests for carboxylic acids
D. Distinguishes primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols

B. AgNO₃/NH₄OH/NaOH

What is Tollens' reagent?
A. K₂Cr₂O₇/H₂SO₄
B. AgNO₃/NH₄OH/NaOH
C. DNPH/ethanol
D. KI/NaClO

C. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) in ethanol

What is the reagent in Brady's Test?
A. Tollens' reagent
B. Lucas reagent
C. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) in ethanol
D. Jones reagent

D. KI/NaClO

What reagents are used in Iodoform Test?
A. I₂/NaOH
B. KI/NaOH
C. I₂/NaClO
D. KI (10%) and NaClO (5%)

A. Silver mirror

What is the positive result for Tollens Test?
A. Silver mirror
B. Yellow precipitate
C. Blue-green solution
D. Orange solution

B. Yellow/orange precipitate

What is the positive result for Brady's Test?
A. Silver mirror
B. Yellow/orange precipitate
C. Blue solution
D. Brown precipitate

C. Yellow precipitate (iodoform)

What is the positive result for Iodoform Test?
A. Silver mirror
B. Orange precipitate
C. Yellow precipitate (iodoform)
D. Brown solution

D. Distinguishes aldehydes from ketones

What is the primary purpose of Tollens Test?
A. Tests for alcohols
B. Tests for carboxylic acids
C. Tests for alkenes
D. Distinguishes aldehydes from ketones

A. Identifies carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones)

What does Brady's Test identify?
A. Identifies carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones)
B. Only aldehydes
C. Only ketones
D. Alcohols and phenols

C. Methyl ketones and acetaldehyde

What does Iodoform Test specifically identify?
A. All aldehydes
B. All ketones
C. Methyl ketones and acetaldehyde
D. Carboxylic acids

B. Most ketones (negative result)

Which compounds do NOT react with Tollens' reagent?
A. Aldehydes
B. Most ketones (negative result)
C. Carboxylic acids
D. All aldehydes react

D. Aldehydes are oxidized to carboxylic acids

What happens to aldehydes in Tollens Test?
A. Reduced to alcohols
B. Oxidized to ketones
C. No reaction
D. Aldehydes are oxidized to carboxylic acids

A. Red-orange precipitate

What color precipitate do aromatic aldehydes/ketones give in Brady's Test?
A. Red-orange precipitate
B. Yellow precipitate
C. Brown precipitate
D. White precipitate

B. Yellow precipitate

What color precipitate do non-aromatic aldehydes/ketones give in Brady's Test?
A. Orange precipitate
B. Yellow precipitate
C. Brown precipitate
D. Red precipitate

C. They do not react (negative result)

How do alcohols and esters react with Brady's Test?
A. Yellow precipitate
B. Orange precipitate
C. They do not react (negative result)
D. Silver mirror

D. Acetone

Which of the following gives a positive Iodoform Test?
A. Formaldehyde
B. Butanone (methyl ethyl ketone)
C. Both A and B
D. Acetone

B. NH₂OH·HCl/NaOH/HCl/FeCl₃

What reagents are used in Hydroxamic Acid Test?
A. AgNO₃/NH₄OH
B. NH₂OH·HCl/NaOH/HCl/FeCl₃ (1% NH₂OH·HCl, 2M NaOH, 2M HCl, 5% FeCl₃)
C. DNPH/ethanol
D. KI/NaClO

C. Magenta/red solution

What is the positive result for Hydroxamic Acid Test?
A. Yellow precipitate
B. Silver mirror
C. Magenta/red solution
D. Brown precipitate

D. Esters

What functional group does Hydroxamic Acid Test identify?
A. Aldehydes
B. Ketones
C. Alcohols
D. Esters

A. Benzenesulfonyl chloride in base

What is the Hinsberg reagent?
A. Benzenesulfonyl chloride in base
B. FeCl₃ solution
C. DNPH in ethanol
D. Tollens' reagent

B. Distinguishes primary, secondary, and tertiary amines

What is the purpose of Hinsberg Test?
A. Tests for aldehydes
B. Distinguishes primary, secondary, and tertiary amines
C. Tests for alcohols
D. Tests for carboxylic acids

C. Lab coat, safety goggles with side shields, gloves

What are the three main components of PPE in the lab?
A. Lab coat and gloves only
B. Safety goggles only
C. Lab coat, safety goggles with side shields, gloves
D. Gloves and apron only

B. Z87.1

What code should safety goggles have for compliance with safety standards?
A. Z87.0
B. Z87.1
C. Z88.1
D. Z89.1

D. Add acid to water, never water to acid

When diluting acids, what is the correct procedure?
A. Add water to acid
B. Mix them simultaneously
C. Add acid to acid first
D. Add acid to water, never water to acid

C. At least 10 minutes

How long should you rinse your eyes at an eyewash station after chemical contact?
A. 1 minute
B. 5 minutes
C. At least 10 minutes
D. 30 seconds

B. Class B

Which fire class involves organic solvents and flammable liquids?
A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class C
D. Class D

C. Class A, B, and C fires

What types of fires can dry chemical extinguishers handle?
A. Class A only
B. Class B and C only
C. Class A, B, and C fires
D. All fire types

A. Never use water; use chemical foam extinguishers

How should Class B and C fires be extinguished?
A. Never use water; use chemical foam extinguishers
B. Use water only
C. Let them burn out
D. Use sand only

D. Help person to floor, wrap blanket around them, and roll

How should a fire blanket be used on a person?
A. Wrap while standing
B. Throw from a distance
C. Use vertically
D. Help person to floor, wrap blanket around them, and roll

B. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) and Chemical Labels

What are the two main tools to identify chemical hazards?
A. pH meter and thermometer
B. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) and Chemical Labels
C. Fire extinguisher and eyewash
D. Lab coat and gloves

C. 16 sections

How many sections should an SDS be organized into?
A. 10 sections
B. 12 sections
C. 16 sections
D. 20 sections

A. Identification

Which SDS section contains the chemical's name and manufacturer contact info?
A. Identification (Section 1)
B. Composition
C. First aid
D. Toxicological information

D. Toxicological information (Section 11)

Which SDS section describes routes of exposure and symptoms?
A. Section 1
B. Section 5
C. Section 8
D. Toxicological information (Section 11)

B. Red border with white background

What do GHS pictograms consist of?
A. Yellow border with black background
B. Red border with white background
C. Blue border with yellow background
D. Black border with white background

C. Keep water and liquids away; only use approved extension cords

What precautions should be taken with electrical equipment?
A. Use any extension cord
B. Repair while plugged in
C. Keep water and liquids away; only use approved extension cords
D. Open covers while operating

A. Use heat-resistant/insulated gloves

How should you handle equipment operating at extreme temperatures?
A. Use heat-resistant/insulated gloves
B. Use bare hands quickly
C. Use paper towels
D. Use regular cloth gloves