DTU BIO 5 - Microbiology

Do all niches on the planet harbour microorganisms?

Yes, basically all places on Earth have microorganisms that have adapted to living there.

Name three groups of microorganisms.

Viruses, Prokaryotes (Bacteria, Archaea), Eukaryotes (Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, Slime molds).

How do bacteria proliferate?

Bacteria multiply by splitting into two daughter cells.

How is bacterial growth rate calculated?

Using the formula N(t) = N_0 e^{\mu*(t-t_0)}.

What do bacteria and archaea have in common?

They are both prokaryotes and do not have a cell nucleus.

How can CO2 absorption of the ocean be facilitated?

By increasing iron levels in the ocean to promote algae growth, such as Emiliania Huxleyi.

What are some adverse effects of microorganisms?

They can cause illness, food spoilage, and material corrosion.

Name some biotechnological uses of microorganisms.

They can produce food, medicine, fertilizer, and can be used in poop transplantation.

What is meant by synthetic biology?

Using microbes as cell factories to produce medicines, enzymes, and other products.

How do bacteria evolve so rapidly?

They evolve exponentially, with some having very short generation times.

What is the advantage of heterogeneity in a microbial population?

Higher likelihood of survival if they are diverse.

Why can rRNA gene be used as a phylogenetic marker of all life?

Because the same ribosomes are found in all different living organisms.

Name one advantage and one disadvantage of bacterial biofilms.

Advantage: Provide protection in various environments; Disadvantage: Can cause corrosion on steel pillars in the ocean.

Why do bacteria become antibiotic resistant?

Bacteria with mutations that confer resistance survive and become the majority in the next generation.

How and where can new antibiotics be discovered?

In microorganisms and using AI simulations, particularly in fungi.