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What is extension of a spring?
Tensile forces act away from the centre the of the spring in both directions
What happens when compressive forces act towards the centre of the spring in both directions?
Spring undergoes compressive deformation
What is hooke's law?
For a material within its elastic limit, the force applied is directly proportional to the extension of the material
What is elastic deformation?
A spring will return to its original shape when the force is removed
What is inelastic/plastic deformation?
A spring won’t return to its original shape when the force is removed
How can we calculate force constant in series?
1/k1 + 1/k2 + 1/k3 = 1/ktotal
How can we calculate force constant with springs in parallel?
Ktotal = k1 + k2 + kn
What is the equation for elastic potential energy?
E = ½ x k x e²
What is tensile stress?
The force applied to a material per unit cross sectional area
What is the equation for stress?
Stress = f/a
What is tensile strain?
The extension or compression of a material per unit of its original length
What is the equation for strain?
Strain = x/L
What is the young modulus?
The ratio of stress to strain. A measure of the stiffness of the material
What is the equation for young modulus?
E = stress / strain
What energy changes occur during plastic deformation?
material is stretched
energy from work done is used to break bonds between molecules
causes permanent deformation
what is breaking stress?
amount of stress a material can take without breaking
what is meant by brittle material?
doesnt extend much when force is applied
material breaks rather than stretches
what is the elastic limit?
the limit of proportionality
the point after which elastic deformation occurs
what does the area under a force extension graph represent?
energy stored in the material
Note
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