Vertebrate Zoology - Lecture 2

Practice flashcards to assist in reviewing key concepts from Lecture 2 of Vertebrate Zoology.

What are the major groups of vertebrates discussed in Lecture 2?

Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Avian Reptiles, Mammals.

What key feature differentiates vertebrates from other chordates?

Presence of a cranium to protect the brain.

What are the structural support systems of vertebrates?

Vertebrates possess a backbone or vertebral column that supports the body and protects the spinal cord.

What is the significance of the amniotic egg in vertebrate evolution?

The amniotic egg allowed vertebrates to reproduce on land, which contributed to their diversity and adaptation.

What does 'extant' mean in the context of vertebrate evolution?

Extant refers to species that are currently living, as opposed to extinct species which no longer exist.

Define the term synapomorphy. Give an example related to vertebrates.

A synapomorphy is a derived characteristic shared among a group; an example in vertebrates is the notochord.

What is a key transition from jawless to jawed fishes?

The development of jaws from gill arches, which allowed for better predation.

Why is the movement onto land significant for vertebrates?

It opened new habitats, allowing for greater diversification and evolution of new adaptations.

What role does the pharynx play in vertebrate development?

The pharynx shows strong conservation and development of pharyngeal arches, which are important for the respiratory system.

How does the circulatory system of vertebrates operate?

Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system with arteries and veins connected by capillaries.

What type of reproductive strategies do vertebrates exhibit?

Most vertebrates engage in sexual reproduction, with internal and external fertilization being common.

Explain the importance of Hox gene duplications in vertebrate evolution.

Hox gene duplications can lead to increased diversity in body plans and developmental processes in vertebrates.

What is the primary function of mineralized connective tissues in vertebrates?

To provide structural support and protection, such as bones and teeth.

What distinguishes mammals within vertebrate classification?

Mammals are characterized by endothermy, fur/hair, and mammary glands.

What are the implications of the term 'biogeography' in the study of vertebrates?

Biogeography studies how geological features and historical events shape the distribution and diversity of vertebrate species.

What adaptations assist vertebrates in food acquisition and digestion?

Vertebrates have a muscular pharynx, complex digestive systems, and specialized structures for feeding.

What evolutionary trends are observed in the morphology of vertebrates?

A clear pattern of increasing complexity in form and function can be observed among vertebrate groups.