CELL METABOLISM

What is the process called that describes the breakdown of glucose to lactic acid?

Glycolysis

What is the complementary strand of DNA for TTT CGC GGG TCG?

AAA GCG CCC AGC

Cholesterol is

used to synthesize steroids

Which of the following represents a base sequence of tRNA that will bind to mRNA UUU?

AAA

Which substance is necessary for the synthesis of urea?

Liver enzymes

Which nitrogen-containing waste product?

Urea

In the absence of oxygen, glucose is catabolized into

Lactic acid

aerobic catabolism end with:

The complete breakdown of glucose into CO2 and water and the release of energy.

Transciption:

Occurs within the nucleus and involves DNA and mRNA.

Which of the following is not true of glycogen? Glycogen:

It is an alcohol to which three fatty acids attach, thereby forming a triglyceride.

Which is a waste product of aerobic glucose metabolism?

CO2

What is descriptive of mitochondrial function?

Aerobic catabolism

the reaction of -COOH and -NH2:

creates a peptide bond

The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain enzymes:

are located within the mitochondria.

DNA

is double stranded and stores the genetic code.

What is true of glycogen?

It is the storage form of glucose.

What is joined together by peptide bonds?

Amino acids

Starches, amylases, and disaccharidases are related to:

carbohydrates.

What substance is composed of glycerol and three fatty acids?

Triglyceride

What process involves both DNA and mRNA?

Transcription

What is the complementary strand of mRNA for TTT CGC GGG TCG?

AAA GCG CCC AGC

Glycogen is a

polysaccharide, that is, the storage form of glucose.

What is most descriptive of glucose?

Carbohydrate

translation involves:

mRNA and tRNA.

What does the following describe: Alanine–leucine–cysteine–phenylalanine–proline–arginine?

Peptide.

Glycolysis ends with the production of:

lactic acid.

gluconeogenesis converts

Body protein to glucose in an insulin-deficient state.

Gluconeogenesis:

increases blood glucose.

What is characteristic of urea?

Nitrogen-containing waste formed in the liver.

dietary cellulose:

cannot be metabolized but is beneficial because it provides fiber and bulk.

Starch is classified as a(n)?

Polysaccharide.

Gluconeogenesis is a process that makes:

Glucose from protein.

tRNA reads the genetic code stored in?

mRNA.

Which group is a correct classification?

Nitrogen-containing waste: urea and creatinine.

Which of the following is least related to the aerobic metabolism of glucose?

Ketones

What descriptive term applies to monosaccharides?

They can be stored as glycogen.

Which represents base pairing?

A-T, T-A, C-G, A-U.

Hepatic encephalopathy can be caused by increasing blood levels of :

Ammonia.

amino acids are:

Joined together by peptide bonds, building blocks of protein, and characterized as essential and nonessential. (all of the above)

Which of the following carries the individual amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome for assembly into a protein?

tRNA.

An –NH₂ group and a –COOH group are most characteristic of a(n)

Amino acid.

What delivers cholesterol to nonhepatic tissue?

LDL.

transcription produces:

mRNA.

lactic acidosis:

Develops in response to prolonged anaerobic catabolism.

What is the best method for decreasing blood cholesterol level?

Decrease dietary intake of saturated fat.

A strand of DNA reads ATTCGCAGG. A strand of mRNA reads:

UAAGCGUCC.

Which term is not a carbohydrate term?

Glycerol.

Which of the following is not a lipid or lipoid substance?

Ammonia.

Monosaccharides:

include glucose, fructose, and galactose.

What most describes ammonia?

Nitrogen-containing and brain toxic.

Which is the most descriptive term for ribose and deoxyribose?

Sugars.

Glucose is usually broken down to:

provide energy (ATP) for the working cells.

translation:

involves tRNA and mRNA.

What does the following describe: Three long-chain fatty acids that are attached to a glycerol molecule?

Triglyceride.

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids.

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine are.

bases of DNA

Which of the following is a double-stranded nucleic acid that is called the blueprint for life?

DNA.

What is true of urea? Urea is :

It is nitrogen-containing, produced by hepatic cells, and eliminated in the urine.(all is appicable)

Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are classified as:

disaccharides.

Which is least related to lactic acid?

Krebs cycle.

Which of the following is a monosaccharide that is measured as the “blood sugar”?

Glucose.

Which of the following is true of base sequencing?

Stores the genetic code.

Adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine are:

Bases of RNA.

Which of the following is descriptive of cholesterol?

Can be synthesized by the liver

mRNA “gets” the genetic code from:

DNA.

Which is most related to glycolysis?

Lactic acid.

Which is least related to urea?

Chemical formula is NH4+.

With which base can adenine pair?

Uracil.

Which of the following occurs first?

Transcription.

Which of the following is characteristic of RNA but not DNA?

Uracil and adenine.

Which of the following is characteristic of glycolysis?

Occurs within the cytoplasm.

Which process forms the most ATP?

Aerobic catabolism of glucose.