A&P II - Quiz 7

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

The extra air you can inhale after a normal breath.

Larynx

The 'voice box'; in the throat, between the pharynx and trachea.

Trachea

The 'windpipe'; a rigid tube in front of the esophagus that carries air to the lungs.

Tidal Volume (TV)

The normal amount of air you breathe in or out during a quiet breath (~500 mL).

Pharynx

The throat; connects the nose/mouth to the larynx and esophagus.

Bronchioles

Small airways in the lungs that come after bronchi and lead to alveolar ducts.

Vital Capacity (VC)

The total amount of air you can breathe in and out (TV + IRV + ERV).

Nasal cavity function

Warms, moistens, filters air, and detects smell.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange happens.

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

The extra air you can breathe out after a normal breath.

Bronchi

Large airways that branch from the trachea into each lung.

Dyspnea

Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.

Residual Volume (RV)

The air left in the lungs after you exhale as much as you can.

Alveolar ducts

Small ducts that connect bronchioles to alveolar sacs.

Eupnea

Normal, quiet breathing.

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

The total amount of air the lungs can hold (TV + IRV + ERV + RV).

Glottis

The opening between the vocal cords in the larynx.

Epiglottis

A flap above the larynx that blocks food from entering the airway during swallowing.

Effects of hyperventilation

Too much CO₂ is lost → blood pH goes up (alkalosis) → may feel dizzy or lightheaded.

Effects of hypoventilation

CO₂ builds up → blood becomes acidic (acidosis) → slow or shallow breathing.

Spirometer

instrument used to measure breathing

Bronchioles

Small tubes branching from bronchi.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs where gas exchange happens.