BB&C FINAL brain areas (fall 2024)

gray - medial

in tourette syndrome, there is deceased _____ matter in ________ motor areas of the brain (ch.16)

basal ganglia - prefrontal cortex

in OCD there is increased activity in circuitry wiring _______ __________ to ___________ _________ (ch.16)

gray - emotion

in bipolar there is thinner _____ matter in the prefrontal cortex and ________ processing regions such as insula and cingulate cortex (ch.16)

hypothalamus

internal drives are typically regulated by the ____________________ (ch.14)

amygdala

external drives are typically regulated by the ____________________ (ch.14)

dopamine

the neurotransmitter crucial for motivation, reward, and learning (ch.14)

substantia nigra - ventral tegmental area

dopaminergic neurons primarily reside in the __________ ________ and the _______ ___________ _____ (ch.14)

nucleus accumbens

the neurons of the _______ ____________ are important in addiction (ch.14)

ventral tegmental area - substantia nigra - nucleus accumbens - ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Dopamine pathways for reward signaling ... (fill in the blanks)

Projections from the ________ ___________ _____ and __________ _____ to the ___________ _____________ and ___________ ___________ ________ form part of the pathway activated by natural rewards or addictive substances

wordbank

ventromedial prefrontal cortex

ventral tegmental area

nucleus accumbens

substantia nigra (ch.14)

amygdala - insula

which 2 brain areas are responsible for recognizing social emotional cues on faces? (ch.15)

anterior

social knowledge activates the _____________ temporal pole, connected to the basolateral amygdala (ch.15)

superior temporal sulcus (STS)

is sensitive to gaze direction in others, voice recognition, and social cues (posture, facial movements, yawning) (ch.15)

true

t/f: the STS is impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ch.15)

ventral premotor cortex

mirror neurons are centered in which area of the brain? (ch.15)

weaker - anterior - medial

in autism spectrum disorder, there is __________ connectivity between the ______ cingulate and ______ prefrontal cortex (ch.15)

dorsomedial prefrontal cortex & amygdala

in social anxiety disorder, there is increased connectivity between which brain regions when the individual is criticized? (ch.15)

right - posterior

Somatoparaphrenia & anosognosia are both disorders of self-awareness caused by damage to the ________ temporoparietal junction & _____________ insula (ch.15)

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

what is the brain area that is repeatedly activated when someone is lying or being deceptive? (ch.15)

fusiform face area

brain area responsible for facial recognition (ch.15)

fusiform face area

prosopagnosia is a result of damage to the ________ ______ ______ (ch.15)

c

brain areas involved in 2nd order TOM include … (ch.15)

a. precuneus

b. posterior cingulate cortex

c. a and b

d. none of the above

medial prefrontal cortex

what is the brain areas involved in perceptual TOM? (ch.15)

corticospinal tract

the major neuronal pathway for voluntary motor function (ch.7)

axons - primary - lower

in the corticspinal tract, _____________ travel from _________ motor cortex to _________ motor neurons of the spinal cord (ch.7)

cerebellum

large brain structure important for motor coordination (ch.7)

sensory - motor

the cerebellum is predictive in combining ______ and ________ information (ch.7)

motor cortex (M1)

contains motor neurons which project to the lower motor neurons of spinal cord

frontal

the motor cortex (M1) is located in the ___________ lobe (ch.7)

prefrontal - premotor

the _______________ cortex directs complex cognition and planning, influencing M1 and the ___________ cortex (ch.7)

basal ganglia

maintains activity in the cortex by projecting areas involved in motor control, cognition, and judgement (ch.7)

indirect - direct

the _____________ pathways (inhibitory) and _____________ pathways (excitatory) of the basal ganglia modulate cordical activity (ch.7)

substania nigra

in Parkinson's disease, there is destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the _____________ _________ (ch.7)

frontopolar

fMRI studies have found that activity in the _____________ cortex can predict a decision to push a button 8 to 10 seconds before the subject became aware of their own decision (ch.7)