Studied by 11 peopleWhich organelle makes the most ATP in the cell?
mitochodria
Which organelle is the sight of protein synthesis?
ribosomes
Which organelle is a bundle of microtubules and aids in Mitosis?
centriole
Where is most of the RNA found in the cell?
the nucleus
How does glucose, a monosaccharide, enter a cell?
carrier proteins
A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium. Is this phagocytosis or pinocytosis?
phagocytosis
A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium. Is this passive or active?
active
the study of the structure of the body
anatomy
the study of the functioning of the human body
physiology
Your nose is what to your lips but this in relation to your eyes?
superior and inferior
Your ears are what in relation to your eyes?
lateral
What is an organ?
a group of tissues working together
What is histology?
study of tissues
Without this enzyme, to breakdown acetylcholine, a muscle cell would stay contracted:
acetylcholinesterase
What are major tasks of the muscular system?
posture, movement, and heat production
What continues on to become tendon, which continues on to become the periosteum of the bone?
epimyeseium
This loves calcium and causes a conformational change in Tropomyosin:
troponin
What is better for fine movements, small or large motor neurons?
small motor neurons
An individual muscle fiber contracts with equal force in response to each action potential. What is this called?
law of skeletal muscle contraction
A stimulus that is strong enough to create one action potential, complete contraction of one motor unit is called what?
threshold stimulus
A stimulus that is strong enough to create action potentials in all the motor neurons innervating a whole muscle is called what?
maximal stimulus
A stimulus that is too small to create an action potential in a neuron and no contraction occurs is called what?
subthreshold stimulus
What is the state of partial contraction in a muscle, even when the muscle is not being used (some of the motor units are recruited)?
muscle tone
What is it called when muscles are stiff because there is not enough ATP?
rigor mortis
Two muscles beside each other that do not contract at the same time are not:
part of the same motor unit
If calcium ions are diffusing across the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, what is occuring?
muscle contraction
If lactic acid is building up, what type of respiration is occuring?
anaerobic
How much ATP is generated trough Glycolysis, CAC, and ETC?
36
Where would you expect to find skeletal muscle tissue?
legs
Where would you expect to find smooth muscle tissue?
organs
Where would you expect to find cardiac muscle tissue?
heart
What is the antagonist to the Biceps muscle?
triceps brachii
What is a correct statement regarding a muscle's point(s) of origin?
it is connected to the most stationary bone
What important tissue that extends from the inferior portion of the Xiphoid to the Symphysis Pubis?
linea alba
What is a correct statement regarding a muscle's point(s) of insertion?
it is connected to the bone that moves the most
How are muscles named?
by origin, insertion, size, shape, orientation of muscle fascicles, location, number of heads, and function
If Sodium ions are rushing into the cell what is occuring?
depolarization
What is the primary intracellular cation of the cells?
potassium
What is the primary extracellular cation of the cells?
sodium
When Potassium ions enter into the cell what and the cell becomes more negative, what is occuring?
hyperpolarization
Collections of neuron cell bodies which are outside of the CNS
ganglia
Action potentials are:
all or nothing
The action of this component of the ANS is Increase in heart rate and strength of contraction, and elevation of blood pressure:
sympathetic nervous system
What are the basic types of nervous system cells?
neurons and neuroglia
The action of this component of the ANS regulates resting and nutrition-related functions such as digestion, defecation, and urination:
autonomic nervous system
What is the primary neurotransmitter of the system that increases heart rate and strength, raises blood pressure?
epinephrine
These cells without cilia produce cerebrospinal fluid, to keep homogeneous:
non-ciliated ependymal cells
What is the primary neurotransmitter of the system that regulates resting/nutrition related functions such as digestion, defecation, and urination?
Ach
How many pairs of cranial nerves originate from the brain?
12
Intensity of a feeling depends not on the size of the action potential, but on the ______ of action potentials.
frequency
Which nerves originate from the spinal cord?
spinal nerves
Which neurons transmit action potentials from sensory organs to CNS?
afferent neurons
Which system transmits action potentials from CNS to skeletal muscles?
somatic nervous system
Which neurons conducts action potentials from one neuron to another within CNS?
association neurons
Neuroglia that secrete cerebrospinal fluid:
ependymal cells
Neuroglia that form the blood-brain barrier:
astrocytes
Shiny wrapping that covers a nerve fascicle:
perineurium
Muscles and neurons have this because they can create an action potential in response to a stimulus:
excitability
Neuron arrangement so that many neurons lead to 1 neuron (output)
convergent pathway
An action potential travels along an axon by skipping from node of Ranvier to node of Ranvier. What is this kind of conduction called?
saltatory conduction
At a synapse, the release of neurotransmitters results in an opening of potassium channels at the postsynaptic membrane. What type of synapse is this?
inhibitory synapse
A signal originates in one receptor and ends up creating action potentials in many different places in the CNS and PNS. What kind of neuron arrangement did it pass through?
divergent
collections of nerve cell bodies and their neuroglia
gray matter
bundles of parallel axons and their sheaths
white matter
crossing over of impulses
decussation
major area of decussation
medulla oblongata
What is it called when a blood clot cuts off blood supply to part of the brain?
ischemic stroke
lack of oxygen to the brain
hypoxia
hills in the cerebrum
gyri
allows the right and left hemisphere to communicate with each other
corpus callosum
part of brain that regulates body temperature and controls the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
open areas in the brain that have cerebrospinal fluid
ventricles
What three parts of the brain make up the brainstem?
pons, medulla oblongata, midbrain
what two parts of the brain make up the diencephalon?
hypothalmus and thalamus
grooves into cerebrum
sulci
what part of the brain controls subconscious motor function, equilibrium, and muscle contraction sequencing?
thalamus
What lobe of the cerebrum deals mostly with concentration, judgement, emotional expression?
frontal
what does the occipital lobe do?
sight
Which of the meninges is the "tough" outer covering?
dura mater
What is the fluid called that bathes the spinal cord and brain?
CSF/cerebrospinal fluid
Which ventricle continues on to become the central canal of the spinal colomn?
4th
Which of the meninges has blood vessels running through it?
arachnoid mater
What area of the brain is primarily responsible for Parkinson's?
substantia nigra
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
higher thinking, reasoning, and creativity
What is Wernike's Area responsible for?
language comprehension
What is Broca's area responsible for?
motor production of speech
Collections of neuron cell bodies which are outside of the CNS:
ganglia
Where would you find stratified squamous in the human body?
skin, epidermis
Where would you find simple squamous in the human body?
lungs
Where would you find transitional tissue in the human body?
bladder
Where would you find simple cuboidal tissue in the human body?
kidney
Where would find dense regular connective tissue in the human body?
tendons
What is the name for a mature cartilage cell?
chondrocyte
What is the function of transitional tissue?
stretches
Where would you find simple columnar tissue in the human body?
stomach
What is the function of simple squamous tissue?
diffusion
What is the function of simple cuboidal tissue?
secretion and absorption
What is the function of stratified squamous tissue?
strength and protection
What is the function of simple columnar tissue?
forms a barrier to water, pathogens, and UV radiation
Where would you find pseudostratified columnar tissue in the human body?
trachea
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