Psychology Unit 2.1

Punnett Squares

A measurement tool to predict the inherited traits of offspring from hypothetical pairings

Alleles

A trait that helps build a gene. Half of them are inherited from the subject’s father and the other half from the mother

Phenylketonuria (PKU) and phenylalanine

a genetic condition that causes elevated levels of a substance called phenylalanine to build up in your body. If this condition isn't treated, buildup of phenylalanine in your body causes symptoms including challenges with cognitive development (intellectual disability)

Gametes

either of the female or male reproductive cells that take part in fertilization to produce a zygote (hợp tử)

Mitosis

the type of division of a cell nucleus that produces two identical daughter nuclei, each possessing the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent nucleus

Meiosis

It produces gametes and it’s a special type of division of the cell nucleus that occurs during the formation of the sex cells (ova and spermatozoa), reduces the chromosome number by half, ensuring that offspring have the correct number of chromosomes when sperm and egg combine

Hormones regulation

refers to the complex system by which the body maintains balance in the production, release, and action of hormones

Lymphatic System

The body’s immune system

Lymphocytes

aka white blood cell, a type of blood cell (see leukocyte) that plays a key role in specific immune responses

Lymph Nodes

regions of the body which produces lymphocytes

Thyroid

Located in the neck, responsible for tissue growth/development

Parathyroid

Part of the endocrine system responsible for regulating the electrical charge in your blood with the right amount of calcium

Too Little Calcium

Stiffening of muscles, Irregular heart beats, Unexplained tingling in the limbs

Too Much Calcium

Higher risk for heart attacks or strokes.

The formation of plaques along arteries due to combining with cholesterol

Adrenal Glands

Part of the endocrine system which produces hormones that affect metabolism, blood sugar regulation, blood pressure, and many other essential functions

Too much Hyperglycemia (sugar)

cause nerve damage and elevates risks for heart attack or stroke --due to too much electricity

Too little Hyperglycemia (sugar)

cause shortness of breath, breathing difficulties and being prone to infection --due to not receiving enough electricity to keep vital systems working

Pancreas

Part of the endocrine system responsible for releasing insulin