Dr. Fus Chem 1210 Midterm 1 Flash Cards

Kelvin Formula

Kelvin Formula

C+273.15

1cm^3=

1ml

1J=

kg*(m/s)^2

1 mi= ft

5280 ft

1in= cm

2.54

Equation for density

mass/volume

Dalton's Atomic Theory

1. Elements composed of indivisible particles called atoms.
2. Atoms of an element are identical, and they are different from atoms of another elements.
3. aw of Multiple Proportions - Atoms combine in whole numbers to form compounds (molecules).
4. Compounds are composed of atoms of diff. elements chemically combined.
5) Law of Conservation of Mass - In chemical rxn, total mass of reactants is equal to total mass of products.

IILCL - (Indivisible, Identical, Law, Composition, Law)

Atomic number

number of protons

Mass number

protons + neutrons

Finding atomic weight

Sum of all (isotope mass x fractional isotope abundance or %)

“Weighted Average”

permanganate ion

MnO₄⁻

chromate ion

CrO₄²⁻

Dichromate

Cr₂O₇²⁻

acetate ion

CH₃COO⁻ (or C₂H₃O₂⁻)

chlorate ion

ClO₃⁻

silver ion

Ag⁺

ammonium ion

NH₄⁺

zinc ion

Zn²⁺

cadmium ion

Cd²⁺

mercury(I)

Hg₂²⁺

mercury(II)

Hg²⁺

hydroxide ion

OH⁻

cyanide ion

CN⁻

peroxide ion

O₂²⁻

Nitrate ion

NO₃⁻

sulfate ion

SO₄²⁻

carbonate ion

CO₃²⁻

hydrogen carbonate ion

HCO₃⁻

phosphate ion

PO₄³⁻

Dihydrogen phosphate

(H₂PO₄)⁻

Aluminum

Al³⁺

Rank each polyatomic ions’s suffix from highest negative to lowest negative

-Per,-Ate,-Ite,-Hypo,-Ide (-ide=non poly atomic)

An polyatomic ion normally ending in -ate that is an acid’s suffix turns into

-ic

An polyatomic ion normally ending in -ite that is an acid’s suffix turns into

-ous

Who found out the weight of electrons… through what experiment?

Thomson; found one gram of electrons has a charge of 1.76 x 10⁸ coulombs per gram through the magnet cathode and anode ray experiment; ultimately showed electrons do have mass. Did not get the most credit for finding the actual charge though.

Millikan figured out that … through what experiment?

One electron has a charge of 1.602 x 10^-19 C with his oil drop experiment

What suffix and prefix must you add to a polyatomic ion normally ending in -ide that becomes an acid

hydro- + -ic

Hydrochloric Acid

HCl

Hydrosulfuric Acid

H₂S

Who found Atoms have a small, dense nucleus… through his gold foil experiment

Rutherford; figured out atoms have a small, dense nucleus with his gold foil experiment with electrons moving around the nucleus due to the deflections some of the alpha rays.

Who found electrons exist and by what experiment

J.J Thomas found electrons exist with his cathode ray experiment

How do you figure out the molecular formula of alkanes from 5 carbons to 10 carbons

Prefix=number; ending= ane

number+ane

#HydrogenAtoms=#CarbonsAtoms*2+2

ie —> pentane; pent=5 + ane; 5×2 + 2=12; C₅H₁₂

What are the names the alkanes of 1 carbon to 4 carbons

(M.E.P.B)= methane, ethane, propane, butane

Who found … that α and β rays consist of fast-moving electrically charged particles and that they have opposite charges… through what experiment?

Rutherford; analyzed the behavior of alpha, beta, and gamma rays in an electric field with magnetic plates

Who founded the plum pudding model, what was it, and who falsified it… through what experiment?

Thomson proposed the plum pudding model to where electrons are like that of seeds in a water melon and the positive charge was the red flesh; Rutherford proved this wrong with his gold foil experiment

Who discovered radiation and that uranium is radio-active

Marie Curie

Isomers

Same components and composition of a chemical formula but different structures

Empirical Formula

Most raw form of an ionic structure.

(Gasses are not included since they are discrete and “their own thing” and are separate compounds. For example alkanes wouldn’t have an empirical formula since they are discrete and their own thing)

Electrostatic Potential Energy Depends on…

Charge and Distance