Jefferson and mAdison Quiz Study Guide

Election of 1800

A significant political event where Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams, marking a peaceful transfer of power between political parties.

Candidates in the Election of 1800

Thomas Jefferson and John Adams were the main candidates.

Winner of the Election of 1800

Thomas Jefferson won the election.

Electoral College

The body that officially elects the President and Vice President of the United States.

12th Amendment

An amendment that refined the process of electing the President and Vice President, established in response to the Election of 1800.

Jefferson’s Administrative Goals

To reduce the size of the federal government, promote agrarianism, and maintain neutrality in foreign affairs.

Louisiana Purchase

The acquisition of the Louisiana territory from France in 1803, which doubled the size of the United States.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

An expedition commissioned by Thomas Jefferson to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Territory.

Hamilton-Burr Duel

A duel in 1804 where Alexander Hamilton was fatally shot by Aaron Burr.

Barbary Pirates

North African pirates who captured American ships and enslaved American sailors, leading to conflicts during Jefferson's presidency.

Impressment

The British practice of forcibly recruiting American sailors into the Royal Navy.

Chesapeake Incident

An 1807 conflict where the British ship HMS Leopard attacked the USS Chesapeake, escalating tensions between the U.S. and Britain.

Embargo Act

An 1807 law that prohibited American ships from trading in foreign ports, intended to pressure Britain and France but led to economic difficulties.

Marshall Court

The period when John Marshall served as Chief Justice, known for establishing the principle of judicial review.

Judiciary Act of 1801

A controversial act that created new judicial positions which President Adams filled before leaving office.

Controversy of the Judiciary Act of 1801

Critics viewed it as an attempt by Adams to entrench Federalist power in the judiciary before Jefferson took office.

Marbury v. Madison

A landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in 1803.

Judicial Review

The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional.

Madison’s Non-Intercourse Act

An 1809 law that replaced the Embargo Act, allowing trade with all nations except Britain and France.

Macon’s Bill Number 2

An 1810 law that aimed to resume peaceful trade with Britain and France by offering to restrict trade with the other nation.

Road to War of 1812

A series of British actions and American grievances that led to the declaration of war against Britain.

British Actions Leading to War of 1812

Impressment of American sailors, interference with American trade, and support of Native American attacks on frontier settlers.

Tecumseh and the Prophet

Native American leaders who sought to resist American expansion and unite various tribes.

War Hawks

Congressional leaders who advocated for war against Britain in the lead-up to the War of 1812.

Key Events of the War of 1812

Inclusion of battles such as the Battle of New Orleans, the burning of Washington D.C., and naval engagements.

Effects of the War of 1812

Increased nationalism, a greater sense of American identity, and growth of domestic manufacturing.

Treaty of Ghent

The 1814 treaty that ended the War of 1812 but did not address the issues that caused the war.

Hartford Convention

A 1814 meeting of New England Federalists who opposed the War of 1812 and proposed constitutional amendments.