GENCHEM2 (Chapter 16)

Exam 2 Gen Chem 16

Acid

• Tastes sour + feel rough

• form H+ ions

• litmus indicators change from blue to red

Bases

• tastes bitter + feel slippery

• reacts with H+

• litmus indicators change from red to blue

Arrhenius

Limited to aq. solutions

• acid: up [H+]

• base: up [OH-]

Bronsted-Lowry

acid: proton donor H+

base: proton acceptor

BAAD (Bases Accepted Acids Donate)

Lewis

acid: e- acceptor

base: e- donor

Lewis the bad drunk that goes to AA

Strong acids

• HCl

• HBr

• HI

• HNO₃

• HClO₄

• HClO₃

• H₂SO₄

Strong Bases

• LiOH

• NaOH

• KOH

• Ca(OH)₂

• RbOH

• Sr(OH)₂

• CsOH

• Ba(OH)₂

pH

pH=7 neutral

pH>7 basic

pH<7 acidic

pH to pOH

pH+pOH=14

pH to [H+] or pOH to [OH-]

pH=-log([H+])

K_w

K_a+K_b

1.00×10^-14

% ionization

([H+] in the equation / [H+] of the initial) * 100