Study of the rates of reactions and the steps by which the occur
New cards
2
Endothermic
Pertaining to a chemical process that absorbs heat energy and produces positive change in enthalpy
New cards
3
Exothermic
Pertaining to a chemical process that releases heat energy and produces a negative change in enthalpy
New cards
4
Collision Theory Rule 1
Particles must collide before they can react. However, a collision alone doesn’t guarantee a reaction
New cards
5
Collision Theory Rule 2
Be properly oriented for the necessary rearrangement of atoms and electrons
New cards
6
Collision Theory Rule 3
Be forceful enough/possess enough energy to form products. Reactions follow only forceful, oriented collisions
New cards
7
Activation energy
Minimum amount of kinetic energy that must be possessed by the colliding molecules before they react
New cards
8
Activated complex
Colliding reactants that form a theoretical, transitional structure between reactant and product
New cards
9
Reaction rates
tell how fast reactions change into products
New cards
10
Factors that affect reaction rates
Nature of reactants, concentration, temperature, surface area, and presence of catalysts
New cards
11
Nature of reactants
This controls the rate of the reaction. Reactive substances react quickly and vice versa. Some noble gases never react or barely do. Another variable is combination, H and Cl under certain conditions react vigorously.
New cards
12
Concentration
This increases the rate of a reaction. Varies from reaction to reaction, it could double or even quadruple the rate
New cards
13
Temperature
Reaction rates double for every 10 C in temperature. Higher temperatures increase number of collisions and the force of collisions
New cards
14
Surface area
If a substance is broken up into smaller pieces more surface area is exposed causing it to react faster.
New cards
15
Catalysts
A substance that changes a reaction rate without being permanently changed or consumed by the reaction. Has lower activation energy
New cards
16
Enzymes
A class of catalysts that are naturally occurring biological substances
New cards
17
Homogeneous catalyst
in the same phase as the reactants or in solution with a reactant
New cards
18
Heterogeneous catalyst
a catalyst in a separate phase than the reactant
New cards
19
Inhibitor
A substance used to reduce a catalysts undesirable effects.
Studied by 47 people
