chapter1 part 1

biochem and cell phys

biochemistry

study of living organisms at the molecular level

unity of biochemistry

organisms are remarkably similar at the molecular level

what are the 3 most common elements?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

what makes life possible?

water

why is carbon so important?

because it has carbon-carbon bonds that are very stable

where is carbon found?

fuels

what happens when carbon goes through combustion?

through combustion it reacts with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide

what’s carbon dioxide soluble in?

water and can exist as a gas (remains in biochemical circulation)

what are the 4 major biomolecules?

-proteins

-nucleic acids

-carbohydrates

-lipids

proteins monomer

amino acid

how many amino acids is made up in proteins?

there’s 20 different amino acids linked by peptide bonds

what shape does a protein have?

specific 3-dimensional shape that helps determine function

functions of proteins 3d shape? (if it loses its shape it loses the functions)

-signaling molecules

-receptors

-structural roles

-allows mobility

-provides defense

-enzymes

nucleic acids monomer?

nucleotide

how is a nucleic acid formed?

formed from 4 nucleotides with a sugar, phosphate and nitrogenous base

what are the two types of nucleic acids?

DNA and RNA

what is DNA? what does it stand for? what kind of stand?

it stores proteins (skin color protein), deoxyribonucleic acid (A-T, G-C), double stranded

what is RNA? what kind of strand?

ribonucleic acid (A-U,C-G), single stranded

what are the functions of nucleic acids?

store information and transform information

what’s lipids most common feature?

hydrophobic

types of lipids?

-phospholipids

-triglycerides

-steroids

functions of lipids?

-form membranes

-storage form of energy

-signaling molecules

carbohydrates ratio?

1C: 2H: 1O

what’s carbohydrates monosaccharides? polysaccharides?

glucose (mono), glycogen, starch (poly)

function of carbohydrates?

-source of energy

-cell recognition

-cell-to-cell interactions