Supergroup Archaeplastida

Monophyletic

What type of group is supergroup archaeplastida

primary endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria

Chloroplast origin of Supergroup Archaeplastida

Centrioles

In supergroup archaeaplastida, the cell lacks

Cellulose

In supergroup archaeplastida, the cell wall is composed of

Starch

Stored food of supergroup archaeplastida

Supergroup Rhodophyta and Viridiplantae

2 Kingdoms from supergroup archaeaplastida

Red Algae

Supergroup rhodophyta

warm marine

What habitat is mainly found in Supergroup rhodophyta

Phycobilin

What pigment is present in Supergroup rhodophyta

A

What chlorophyll is present in Supergroup rhodophyta

Floridean starch

What food is stored for Supergroup rhodophyta

Polysiphonia

- mostly branched, filamentous

- attached by rhizoids or haptera

• central axial filament

• supporting pericentral cells = 4–24

In Polysiphonia, the thallus is composed of fine branched filaments particularly:

Triphasic

Life Cycle for Polysiphonia

Oogamous

Reproduction for Polysiphonia

carpogonium

Polysiphonia female gametophyte with

trichogyne

egg with receptive surface

spermatia

Male gametophyte produce

Gametangial, Carposporangial and Tetrasporangial

Phases of Triphasic Life Cycle

Gametangial phase

Zygote grows and develops into carposporophyte (2n)

Carposporangial phase

• diploid phase of the life-cycle

• mitosis

Tetrasporophyte phase

• meiosis

• spores settle and grow to become the male and female gametophyte plants thus completing the cycle

Mostly marine, some freshwater

Ecology of Polysiphonia

Phycoerythrin accessory pigments

allow absorption of blue and green lights which penetrates relatively far into the water.

Corraline red algae

build up calcium carbonate in their cell walls, and can be reef-building organisms.

Agar-Agar

Economic importance of Polysiphonia

Agarose

used for gel electrophoresis

Porphyra sp.

Paper thin glossy sheets of nori: mineral rich wrap for rice, vegetable and seafood in sushi

Coralline and Keystone Organisms

Ecological importance of porphyra sp.

Freshwater

Phylum Glaucophyta’s habitat

Phylum Glaucophyta

coccoid occur in loose colonies formed by the persistent cell wall of the parent cell following division

mitochondria with flat cristae

Phylum Glaucophyta’s mitochondria

Cyanelles

Glaucophyta’s chloroplast are called

Phycobilisomes

In Glaucophyta, plastids contain chlorophyll a and phycobilins organized into

Glaucocystis

motile forms have two unequal flagella, which may have fine hairs

Kingdom Viridiplantae

Comprises of green algae and land plants

• Cell wall containing cellulose

• choroplast containing chlorophyll a and b

• food stored in the form of starch

• mitochondria with flat cristae

Common synapomorphies of kingdom viridiplantae

Chlorobionts

With centrioles and closed

Streptobionts

No centrioles and open

Phycoplast

set of microtubules arranged parallel to the plane of cell division

Phragmoplast

Microtubules arranged perpendicular to the plane of division

Closed Mitosis

Nuclear envelop remains intact

Open mitosis

Nuclear envelope breaks down early in mitosis

Phylum Chlorophyta

• includes most green algae

• grow as colonies, unicells, filaments and large seaweeds

Biflagellated zoospores

Ulva’s asexual reproduction is via

Isogamous

Ulva’s sexual reproduction is

Chlamydomonas

Motile unicellular algae; oval in shape

Glycoprotein and non-cellulosic polysaccharides

Ce wall of Chlamydomonas is made up of

Starch sheath

Pyrenoid of chlamydomonas contains

Volvox

composed of numerous flagellate similar to chlamydomonas

Haploid

Volvox has what adult cell

Coenobium

Volvox’s cells are embedded in the surface of a hollow sphere called

extracellular matrix

Coenobium contains which is made up of glycoprotein

Mucilage

Pandorina is held together at their bases surrounded by

Pediastrum

Members are organized at coenobium colonies and occur in quite or slow moving waters

Stelate plate

Pediastrum cells are arranged in ____, one cell thickness

Oedegonium

Filamentous; cell uninucleate

Oogamous with flagellated zoospores

Oedogonium’s sexual reproduction

Oedogonium

unbranched filament with only certain cells that can divide

Apical Caps

Old cell walls of Oedegonium

Phylum Charophyta

Group of green algae that had characters in common with land plants

Calcium Salts

Chara is rough to touch because of deposited

Tubers and secondary protonema

Asexua reproduction of Chara takes place by

Globule and nucule

Sexual reproduction of Chara

Conjugation between 2 cells

Class Zygnematophyceae reproduction

Desmids

Order cosmariales

mucilage secretion

Order cosmariales’ mobility is by

Order Zygmatales

Unbranched, Fiamentous

Cell Wall is Slimy

Zygnema

• Freshwater filamentous, free floating or anchored with holdfast

• composed of elongated barrel-shaped cells

• each with two star-shaped choroplast

Spirogyra

Unbranched with cells connected to end-to-end in long green filaments

Pectin

Outer wall of spirogyra

Cellulose

Inner cell wall of spirogyra

Pyrenoids

Center for starch production of spirogyra

Scalariform and Lateral

Two forms of conjugation

Scalariform conjugation

occurs between two filaments

Lateral Conjugation

occurs between two adjacent cels on the same filaments