haloalkanes

what happens to the bond enthalpy when the halogen has a greater mr (bigger)?

why and how does this affect the rate of reaction

as Mr increases, the bond enthalpy decreases

making it easier to break the bond

thus increasing the rate of reaction / making the rate of reaction faster

in elimination, what does the nucleophile / OH^- act as?

a base

in elimination, the nucleophile acts as a base. what does this mean in terms of the nucleophile, and in terms of the attacked moclecule

• the nucleophile will accept a proton (a H)

• the nucleophile will remove a H atom from the attacked molecule

in the elimination of a haloalkane, using OH^-, what are the products that are produced (e.g NaOH is used)

products:

sodium halide (e.g NaBr)

water (H₂O)

alkene

how many products can elimination mechanisms/reactions produce (max) if one halide is used, and is lets say in the centre.

how are they formed

3 max

1 is formed from 1 side of the carbon that has the halide

2 are from the other side (due to stereoisomerism / E-Z isomerism)

how does bond enthalpy link with the polarity of a bond

more polar bond = higher/stronger bond enthalpy