HS EOY Biology Revision

What is A on the diagram?

Fallopian Tube, or oviduct

What is B on the diagram?

Ovary

What is C on the diagram?

Womb, or uterus

What is D on the diagram?

Cervix

What is E on the diagram?

Vagina

Define vagina:

Tube leading from uterus to outer body

Define cervix:

Neck of the womb that leads to vagina

Define Oviduct (fallopian tubes):

Pair of tubes that lead from the ovaries to the womb

Where does fertilisation take place?

The oviduct/fallopian tubes

What is the tube that leads from the uterus to outside the body?

Vagina

What is the ‘neck of the womb’ that connects the womb to the vagina?

Cervix

What are the tubes that lead from the ovaries to the womb called?

Oviducts/fallopian tubes

What is A on the diagram?

Vas deferens

What is B on the diagram?

Urethra

What is C on the diagram?

Epididymis

What is D on the diagram?

Foreskin

What is E on the diagram?

Prostate gland

What is F on the diagram?

Scrotum

What is G on the diagram?

Testis

What is the plural of testis?

Testes

What is the penis?

Male sex organ

What is the penis used for?

To deliver sperm into female during sexual intercourse; to facilitate urination

Which male sex organ delivers sperm into the female during sexual intercourse?

The penis

What happens when the erectile tissue is filled with blood?

The penis is erect

What fills the penis to make it erect?

Blood

What do the testes do?

Produce sperm

What male reproductive part produce sperm?

The testes

What is the scrotum?

Sac of skin that holds testes

Why are the testes carried outside the body?

Sperm production requires lower temperature

What is the vas deferens?

Tube that carries sperm out of the testes

What is the tube that carries sperm out of the testes called?

Vas deferens

What is the epididymis?

Where sperm are stored after production

Where are sperm stored after production?

The epididymis

What is the urethra?

Tube that carries urine and sperm to the outside

What do the seminal vesicles do?

Makes the fluid sperm swim in

What is the tube that carries sperm and urine to the outside?

Urethra

What makes the fluid that sperm swim in?

Seminal Vesicles

What do the prostate gland do?

Secretes semen (with sugar)

Define semen:

A fluid containing both sperm and nourishing substances

What is the gland that secretes semen with sugar?

Prostate gland

What is A on the egg cell diagram?

Cell membrane

What is B on the egg cell diagram?

Cytoplasm

In an egg cell, what does the cytoplasm contain?

A yolk

What is C on the egg cell diagram?

Nucleus

What does the nucleus in an egg cell contain?

Chromosomes

How many chromosomes do egg/sperm cells have each?

23

What is D on the egg cell diagram?

Layer of jelly

What is A on the sperm cell diagram?

Flagellum

What is B on the sperm cell diagram?

Middle piece

What does the middle piece contain?

Mitochondria

Which part of the sperm contains mitochondria?

Middle piece

What is C on the sperm cell diagram?

Acrosome

What is D on the sperm cell diagram?

Vesicle

What does the sperm vesicle contain?

Enzymes

What do sperm enzymes do?

Dissolve into egg

What is E on the sperm celldiagram?

Nucleus

How many mm are in a m?

1000 mm

How many μm are in a mm?

1000 μm

How many nanometres are there in a μm?

1000 nm

What is μm short for?

Micrometre

What is mm short for?

Millimetre

What is m short for?

Metre

What is nm short for?

Nanometre

What does the term microbe refer to?

Microscopic organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye.

What are bacteria?

Unicellular (single-celled) organisms.

Where are bacteria found?

Almost everywhere.

How do bacteria reproduce?

By binary fission.

Define binary fission

Splitting in two

Can bacteria survive extreme conditions?

Yes

How do bacteria obtain food?

Some photosynthesise, but most live on or in their food.

Are all bacteria harmful?

No, many are harmless or even useful, but some cause diseases.

What is A on the bacterium diagram?

Cell membrane

What is B on the bacterium diagram?

Nucleoid

What is C on the bacterium diagram?

Ribosomes

What is D on the bacterium diagram?

Cytoplasm

What is E on the bacterium diagram?

Flagellum

What is F on the bacterium diagram?

Cell wall

Are viruses living organisms?

No, viruses are not considered living.

Which characteristics of life do viruses show?

Reproduction, though this is inside a host cell only.

How do viruses reproduce?

By infecting a host cell and using it to make more viruses.

Which types of living organisms can viruses infect?

All types

What is A on the virus diagram?

Protein coat

What is B on the virus diagram?

Nucleic Acid/RNA

What is C on the virus diagram?

Membrane envelope

What is D on the virus diagram?

Spikes

Are fungi multicellular or unicellular?

Some fungi are unicellular, others are multicellular.

What are fungal cell walls made of?

Chitin

How do fungi feed?

Extracellularly by releasing digestive enzymes onto their food.

What is saprophytic nutrition?

A feeding method where dead material is broken down externally before nutrients are absorbed.

What is the term for organisms that feed saprophytically?

Saprophytes

Name some uses of fungi.

Yeast is used to make bread and beer, and Penicillium produces the penicillin antibiotic.

What is A on the fungi diagram?

Cytoplasm

What is B on the fungi diagram?

Ribosome

What is C on the fungi diagram?

Mitochondria

What is D on the fungi diagram?

Nucleus

What is E on the fungi diagram?

Cell wall

What is F on the fungi diagram?

Cell membrane

What are protoctista?

Simple organisms with varied characteristics.

How do protoctista feed?

Some take in and digest solid food, while others photosynthesise.

Give an example of a protoctist that feeds like an animal.

Amoeba takes in and digests solid food.