Anatomy of the Skeletal System: Bones, Joints, and Connective Tissues

What is the medial bone of the forearm and the main forearm bone in the elbow joint?

Ulna

Bones serve as levers that transmit what type of forces?

Muscular forces

How many cranial bones enclose the brain?

8

What two bones make up each half of the pectoral girdle?

Scapula and clavicle

What is the neural arch of a vertebra?

The posterior, curved region of a vertebra

What are the bands of connective tissue that hold bones together at joints called?

Ligaments

What is the main shaft of a long bone known as?

Diaphysis

What are the interlocking, spindle-shaped units of compact bone called?

Osteons

What are the expanded ends of a long bone called?

Epiphyses

Which bone forms the forehead?

Frontal bone

How many bones make up the facial portion of the skull?

14

What is an air space lined with mucous membrane found in certain cranial bones called?

Sinus

What structure secretes synovial fluid?

Joint capsule

Where do blood vessels that nourish bone tissue pass through?

Haversian canals

What is a shallow depression on the surface of a bone called?

Fossa

What part of the skull does the occipital bone form?

The posterior part and most of the floor of the skull

In what small cavities are osteocytes found?

Lacunae

The elbow and knee are examples of what type of joint?

Hinge joint

Which structure is not part of the axial skeleton?

Pelvic girdle

Where are carpal bones located?

In the wrist, proximal to the fingers

What fills the spaces within spongy bone?

Bone marrow

Where is compact bone found in the body?

Near the surface of the bone

How many phalanges are in each upper and lower limb?

28

What is the function of osteoclasts?

To break down bone

Which system provides a bony framework to support and protect the body?

Skeletal system

What is the thin layer of cells lining the marrow cavity of a long bone called?

Endosteum

What do the cells in the inner layer of the periosteum produce?

Bone

Which structure is not part of the appendicular skeleton?

Sacrum

What does red marrow produce?

Blood cells

What are joints that do not permit movement called?

Synarthroses

What is the sagittal suture?

The joint between the two parietal bones

What are the growth centers that disappear at maturity to become epiphyseal lines?

Metaphyses

What reduces friction during joint movement and absorbs shock?

Synovial fluid

What are the six types of synovial joints?

Gliding, condyloid, saddle, pivot, hinge, and ball and socket

What structure is made of tough, fibrous connective tissue and surrounds a joint?

Joint capsule

What is the function of the maxillae?

To form the upper jaw

What is the function of osteoblasts?

To produce bone by secreting collagen

What bands of connective tissue attach muscles to bones?

Tendons