PSYC223 EXAM 2

Atypical MDD

hypersomnia and mood reactivity

“Vicious Web” of Depression

anhedonia (lack of interest in activities) leads to amotivation, causing energy levels to decrease and as a result create avoidance behaviors

OCD serotonin medications

are proven to be effective

most common form of psychopathology

depression

hoarding

no longer a subtype of OCD! due to the fact that thoughts can be positive and not just intrusive/unwanted.

anhedonia

loss of interest in activities that would normally bring someone joy

dysphoria

low mood

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis

neuroendocrine pathway responsible for regulating stress responses. hypothesized that women have a more dysregulated one.

Lewinsohn’s Theory of Depression

an integrative cognitive behavioral model that focuses on RCPR (response contingent positive reinforcers)

Coyne’s Model

focuses on social environment and interaction regarding depression. depressed individuals may make other individuals experience negative feelings, causing less social support and overall the depressed individuals symptoms worsen.

transgenerational risk factor

maternal depression; a mother being depressed can increase the likelihood that her children will be as well

(Beck) cognitive distortions and automatic thoughts

errors activated by an individuals self schema and continuous negative self statements perpetuate negative words that go through ones mind frequently in response to an event, therefore exacerbating depressive symptoms

immigrant paradox

immigrants in the U.S. are less likely to develop an addiction to alcohol compared to people native to the U.S. paradox because immigrants face many societal, discriminatory challenges but yet do not have to use alcohol as a means to cope.

expectancy theory

what motivates people to drink alcohol based on the predicted outcome it’ll have

tension-reduction theory

alcohol can reduce tension in some people in certain situations (little empirical evidence to support this)

FOMO

a new clinical phenomenon created by the use of social media

social learning theory and SUD (substance use disorder)

alcoholism can be influenced by peers, learned through observation and imitation

predispositions to video game addiction

neuroticism, sensation seeking or impulsivity, and aggression

predispositions to social media addiction

self-esteem issues or complexes, insecure attachment styles, negative attentional biases, being female

hyper-personal model

continuous social media use and exposure to glorified images may cause individuals to experience FOMO

Marlatt & Gordon (1985) conceptualization of the relapse process

results from a patients lack of skills to cope with high risk situations, leading to low levels of self efficacy beliefs about individuals ability to cope in certain situations