WGU - C191

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 60

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

61 Terms

1

What is the role of the OS?

To manage a computer's hardware

New cards
2

Which OS service provides functions that are helpful to the user?

Program execution

New cards
3

Which OS service provides functions that are helpful to the user?

Program execution

New cards
4

Which system call is used for device manipulation?

ReadConsole()

New cards
5

Which system calls can be grouped under the category of process controls?

Allocate, free memory

New cards
6

Which service function is responsible for identifying and correcting exceptions such as the lack of paper in a

printer?

Error detection

New cards
7

Which type of OS service uses the CLI?

User interface

New cards
8

What represents layer zero (0) in the layered approach?

Hardware

New cards
9

What is a disadvantage of booting an OS stored in ROM?

Changing a bootstrap requires new hardware chips.

New cards
10

What is a valid process state?

Waiting

New cards
11

What are two valid components of a process control block (PCB)?

The process counter & The process state

New cards
12

What is the difference between kernel and user threads?

Kernel threads are directly managed by the operating system, whereas user

threads are managed without kernel support.

New cards
13

Which advantage does short-term scheduling have compared with long-term scheduling?

It takes less time to select a process to execute next.

New cards
14

What is considered stable when the average rate of process creation is equal to the average departure rate

of processes leaving the system?

The degree of multiprogramming

New cards
15

Which action allows an application that is in the background to be passed to the foreground and vice versa?

Memory reload

New cards
16

What is the process of context switching?

Performing a state save and a state restore

New cards
17

Which features are included in the DTrace tool?

Compiler, providers of probes, and consumers

New cards
18

What is the difference between cooperative and preemptive scheduling?

Cooperative scheduling occurs when a process terminates, whereas preemptive

scheduling occurs when a process initiates.

New cards
19

Which scheduling criteria measures the number of processes completed per time unit?

Throughput

New cards
20

Which criterion attempts to keep the processor as busy as possible?

CPU utilization

New cards
21

When does starvation occur in the priority scheduling algorithm?

When a process is waiting indefinitely

New cards
22

Which scheduling algorithm was designed especially for time sharing systems?

Round-robin

New cards
23

What is a difference between soft and hard processor affinity?

Hard affinity specifies a subset of processors on which a process may run, whereas

soft affinity leaves the processor selection to the OS.

New cards
24

What is an address that is generated by the CPU?

A logical address

New cards
25

Which general-purpose storage is accessed directly by the CPU?

The main memory

New cards
26

What is a limitation of swapping on mobile systems?

Applications that fail to free up sufficient memory are terminated.

New cards
27

What is the name of the memory allocation scheme where the operating system keeps a table of available

holes?

Variable partition

New cards
28

What is described as memory allocated from a fixed-size segment consisting of physically contiguous pages?

Buddy system

New cards
29

Which memory management solution relocates all available memory into one variable-sized block?

Compaction

New cards
30

What does the 50-percent rule of memory fragmentation state when allocating additional memory using the

first-fit method?

One-third of all memory may be unused.

New cards
31

Which component is associated with the paging scheme?

Frames

New cards
32

Which solution resolves slow access time to user memory location when implementing paging?

Using the translation look-aside buffer (TLB)

New cards
33

Which component ensures the integrity of memory in a paged environment?

Protection bits

New cards
34

What is a non-self-modifying code that never changes during execution?

Reentrant

New cards
35

What is the purpose of an inverted page table?

It reduces memory usage to store addresses.

New cards
36

What is a benefit of using virtual memory?

System libraries can be shared.

New cards
37

Which algorithm has the lowest possible page-fault rate and does not suffer from Belady's anomaly?

Optimal

New cards
38

Which collection of pages references the most recent set of delta parameters (Δ)?

The working set

New cards
39

In Windows, what represents the shared-memory object that will enable communication between

processes?

A memory-mapped file

New cards
40

Which strategy for assigning kernel memory uses cache to refer to a set of one or more physically contiguous

pages that serve for each unique kernel?

Slab allocation

New cards
41

What is a scheme used to help free up space (i.e. garbage collection)?

Least frequently used (LFU)

New cards
42

What will collect free space (i.e., garbage collection) together to provide more usable space?

Compaction

New cards
43

What is the smallest unit of data transfer in a physical hard disk drive?

Block

New cards
44

How is the array of logical blocks mapped onto the hard disk?

Onto the sectors of the disk sequentially

New cards
45

What is the average latency of a typical hard disk?

3 milliseconds

New cards
46

What is the rate at which data flows from the hard disk to the computer?

Transfer

New cards
47

What is a benefit of creating a separate raw partition for use as swap space?

It is optimized for speed of access.

New cards
48

What is a stored data condition that can prevent other processes from gaining access to it?

File locking

New cards
49

Which access type is used when speed is important in linked allocation files?

Sequential access

New cards
50

How do code editors and code compilers usually access files?

Sequential access

New cards
51

What are two key types of access permissions?

Append & List

New cards
52

Which mounting model allows a computer to mount file systems from remote machines?

Client-server

New cards
53

What is the I/O bus standard that connects the processor-memory subsystem to the fast devices?

PCI

New cards
54

What is memory-mapped I/O?

Memory addresses reserved for device registers

New cards
55

Which protection goal is achieved by detecting latent errors at the interfaces between components

subsystems?

Improving reliability

New cards
56

How can protection improve the reliability of a system?

By detecting errors at the interfaces between component subsystems

New cards
57

What is an example of a policy?

User access

New cards
58

How do policies and mechanisms differ?

Policies may change from place to place whereas mechanisms remain the same.

New cards
59

What can be assigned roles when using role-based access control?

The program & The process

New cards
60

Several major retail chains are hacked and customer information is stolen, including credit card numbers.

Which type of attack has occurred?

Breach of confidentiality

New cards
61

Which security level is identified by gathering information through malicious phone calls?

Human

New cards
robot