Studied by 220 peopleAlice Paul
founder of the National Woman's Party who used militant methods to campaign for passage of the 19th Amendment
Carrie Chapman Catt
(1859-1947) A suffragette who was president of the National Women's Suffrage Association, and founder of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. Instrumental in obtaining passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920.
Ida Tarbell
reporter who exposed illegal corporate activity in A History of the Standard Oil Company (1901)
Jacob Riis
photojournalist who exposed the terrible conditions of New York City tenements in How the Other Half Lives (1890)
Lincoln Steffens
criticized urbanization and political corruption in American cities with a series of magazine articles titled The Shame of the Cities (1904)
Theodore Roosevelt
26th POTUS, Republican (1901-1909) known for the Square Deal, trust-busting, environmental conservation, and creation of the Food and Drug Administration domestically, and Big Stick diplomacy, the Great White Fleet, the Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine, and construction of the Panama Canal in foreign affairs
Upton Sinclair
author of The Jungle (1904), a novel revealing gruesome details about the meat packing industry and immigrant life in Chicago
William Howard Taft
27th POTUS, Republican (1909-1913) who pledged to carry on Roosevelt's progressive program; he disappointed Roosevelt through overcautious reforms and his support for the Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Woodrow Wilson
28th POTUS, Democratic (1913-1921); known for creating the Federal Reserve, the Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, women's suffrage, and the First World War and the Paris Peace Conference
Progressive movement
aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life
Muckrakers
Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public
Trustbuster
a person working to destroy monopolies and trusts
Square Deal
President Roosevelt's platform. 3 C's: Consumer Protection, Conservation, Control of Corporations
Meat Inspection Act
1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines.
Pure Food and Drug Act
the act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs
Conservation
Protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
(1911) 146 women killed while locked into the burning building (brought attention to poor working conditions)
Federal Reserve Act
a 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply
Sixteenth Amendment
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.
Seventeenth Amendment
1913 constitutional amendment allowing American voters to directly elect US senators
Eighteenth Amendment
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
Suffrage
the right to vote
Nineteenth Amendment
1920 constitutional amendment guaranteeing women the right to vote
Social Darwinism
belief in the "survival of the fittest" human societies as a justification for imperialism and capitalism
Jim Crow laws
Laws designed to enforce segregation of Black people from White people.
Booker T. Washington
progressive African American leader who supported segregation; urged blacks to acquire useful labor skills and prove their economic value to society in order to achieve racial equality; founded the Tuskegee Institute
W.E.B. DuBois
first African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard; opposed Booker T. Washington calling for social and political integration and higher education for African Americans; led the Niagara Movement and was a founder of the NAACP
Ida B. Wells
African-American journalist who published statistics on lynching and fought for anti-lynching laws and was a founder of the NAACP
Initiative, Referendum, and Recall
Government and voting processes that gave ordinary people more power in the government.
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