era of good feelings

War of 1812

A turning point in U.S. history, as it boosted national pride and weakened the Federalist Party, paving the way for political unity under the Democratic-Republicans and the Era of Good Feelings.

Nationalism

The war's end led to an increase in American pride, seen in economic policies (American System), judicial rulings (McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden), and foreign policies like the Monroe Doctrine.

Sectionalism

Despite national unity, divisions emerged between the North, South, and West over issues like tariffs, the National Bank, and slavery (e.g., Missouri Compromise).

Western Expansion

Driven by treaties like the Adams-Onís Treaty (1819), which secured Florida, and policies encouraging settlement in the West.

Impact of the Industrial Revolution on the USA

The North industrialized, leading to factory growth and urbanization, while the South remained reliant on agriculture and slavery.

Market Revolution

A shift from local economies to national markets, driven by new technologies, transportation improvements, and the expansion of capitalism.

Regional Economies (North vs. South/West)

North: Industrializing, supported protective tariffs and internal improvements. South: Agricultural, relied on slavery and opposed tariffs that raised the cost of imports. West: Supported infrastructure development and cheap land policies to encourage settlement.

American System

Proposed by Henry Clay, it aimed to unify the economy through a National Bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements (roads, canals).

National Bank/BUS (chartered 1816)

Established to stabilize the economy, regulate currency, and support industrial growth.

Protective Tariffs (up to 1832)

The Tariff of 1816 protected U.S. industries from British competition, benefiting the North but opposed by the South.

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Strengthened federal authority over interstate commerce, reducing state economic restrictions.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Affirmed federal power by ruling that states could not tax the National Bank, reinforcing the supremacy of the federal government.

Adams-Onís Treaty (1819)

Negotiated by John Quincy Adams, it ceded Florida to the U.S. from Spain and established a clear boundary between Spanish and U.S. territories.

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Declared that European powers must not interfere in the Western Hemisphere, asserting U.S. dominance in the Americas.

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Engineered by Henry Clay, it admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining balance while setting the precedent for handling slavery in new territories.

James Madison

President during the War of 1812, supported the Second National Bank and the Tariff of 1816, laying the foundation for the Era of Good Feelings.

James Monroe

President during the height of the Era of Good Feelings (1817-1825), known for the Monroe Doctrine, Missouri Compromise, and Adams-Onís Treaty.

Henry Clay

Key advocate of the American System, promoting the National Bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements to unify the economy.