Pharmacology of Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Agents

This set of flashcards encompasses key concepts, medications, and mechanisms related to the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems as covered in the lecture notes.

What are the short-acting Beta2 Adrenergic Agonists used in bronchodilation?

Albuterol is the short-acting Beta2 Adrenergic Agonist used for quick relief of wheeze.

What is the main side effect of Albuterol?

It can cause shakiness and a fast heart rate.

What are the long-acting Beta2 Adrenergic Agonists?

Salmeterol is a long-acting Beta2 Adrenergic Agonist not used for attacks.

Which Xanthine derivative is known for potentially causing seizures and arrhythmias?

Theophylline is associated with these risks.

What should be avoided while taking theophylline?

Caffeine should be avoided.

What are the main side effects of the Anticholinergic bronchodilators Ipratropium and Tiotropium?

They can cause dry mouth.

What are corticosteroids used for in respiratory therapy?

They are anti-inflammatories used to calm wheezing.

What should patients using corticosteroids rinse their mouths for?

To prevent thrush.

What are the Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists and their primary use?

Montelukast and Zafirlukast, used to prevent airway constriction.

What should be closely monitored in patients taking Montelukast?

Liver function and mood changes.

What is the function of Guaifenesin?

It is an expectorant that helps thin mucus.

What are Mucolytics, and give an example?

They thin mucus; Acetylcysteine is an example.

What is the main use of Acetylcysteine besides thinning mucus?

It's used as an antidote for acetaminophen toxicity.

What are common side effects of decongestants like Pseudoephedrine and Phenylephrine?

Increased BP and HR, insomnia.

What are the risks associated with 1st Generation Antihistamines like Diphenhydramine?

They may cause sedation and dry mouth.

Which muscle relaxant is used to reverse malignant hyperthermia?

Dantrolene.

What is a common side effect of central muscle relaxants like Baclofen?

Drowsiness.

What should patients take with Alendronate to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation?

They should take it with water and remain upright for 30 minutes.

What are the potential risks associated with Raloxifene?

Blood clots, hot flashes, leg cramps.

What is the primary action of Colchicine?

It treats acute gout attacks.

What dietary consideration should be noted for patients taking Probenecid?

They should drink plenty of water to prevent nephrolithiasis.

What is the main use of Lactulose in patients with liver issues?

To lower ammonia levels in hepatic encephalopathy.

What are the indications for using Proton Pump Inhibitors like Omeprazole?

They are used to treat GERD and ulcers.

What is the risk associated with long-term use of Proton Pump Inhibitors?

Increased risk of C. difficile infections and fractures.

What should be monitored in patients taking Sulfasalazine?

CBC for blood dyscrasias and urinary crystals.

What is the main function of pancreatic enzymes like Pancrelipase?

They assist in digestion and should be taken with meals.