Eukaryote Diversity - Archaeplastida

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24 Terms

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What defines clade Archaeplastida?

Chloroplasts derived by primary endosymbiosis

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What is Primary Endosymbiosis of Chloroplasts

the original event where a eukaryotic cell engulfed a free-living prokaryote, which then evolved into a stable organelle - a chloroplast - within the host cell

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What are the sub-groups in Archaeplastida

  1. Rhodophyta - red algae

  2. Glaucophyta - glaucophyte algae

  3. Chlorophyta - green algaes

  4. Streptophyta - streptophyte green algae & land plants

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What type of algae is Polysiphonia? 

Rhodophyta - red algae

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Walk through the phases of the life cycle of Polysiphonia

- Meiosis

- Haploid tetraspores undergo mitosis to produce male & female gametophytes

- Male gametophyte has spermatangia (gametangia)  that produce spermatia (gametes)

- Female gametophyte has carpogonia (gametangia) that produce eggs - the egg remains in the carpogonium attached to the gametophyte

- Fertilization

- Fertilized carpogonium becomes Cystocarp w/ zygote

- Zygote undergoes mitosis to become carposporophyte

- Carposporophyte blebs off as single celled carpospores

- Carpospores undergo mitosis to become tetrasporophytes

- Tetrasporophyte contains tetrasporangia, which undergo meiosis to produce tetraspores

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Tetrasporophyte

multicellular diploid individual that produces haploid spores

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Carposporophyte

multicellular diploid individual that produces diploid spores

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Why are red algaes important?

  • Primary Producers

  • Able to use more of the wavelengths of light than other photosynthetic organisms

    • Deepest growing algae because of this - found at 820 ft of depth (300 ft deeper than any other photosynthates)

  • Provide some of the oldest direct evidence for sexual reproduction (Bangiomorpha ~1.2 BYA)

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Coenocytic

Multiple/many organelles & nuclei contained in a common mass of cytoplasm and a shared cell membrane + wall

- Lacks septae between cells

ex. Caulerpa

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Isomorphic

gametophyte and sporophyte stages look exactly the same

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Heteromorphic

gametophyte and sporophyte stages look distinctly different

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