General Science Fall Exam

Newtons 1st Law

objects in motion, stay in motion objects that rest, stay at rest, until an unbalanced force acts upon it.

Newton’s 2nd law

F=MA Force (N) = mass(kg) X acceleration(m/s 0²⁾

Newtons 3rd law

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Interia

resistance to change in motion

Derived

An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion at constant speed and in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force.

Acceleration

The rate at which velocity changes

How do you find acceleration?

A= final speed— initial speed /time

Example of constant speed

Carousel, the speed stayed constant, but the direction stays the same.

Graph Acceleration

Remember positive accl, no accl, and decrease accl.

Units of speed

Kl p/h, ft p/sec, mi (miles) p/h, or meters p/sec

How to calculate distance speed or time

Cover up letter you need to find to see the calucation

The distance an object travels per unit of time.

Speed

The steepness of a graph

Slope

Speed or speed in a given direction

Velocity

The rate in which velocity changes

acceleration

A value that falls directly in the middle of other related values

Average

A letter or symbol that represents a number that can change

Variable

Net Force - how do you calculate if both arrows on N push against each other?

You subtract

Net force - how would you calculate if both arrows are the same amount of N (newtons)?

balaced object no motion

Exothermic Reaction

Energy released lowering in temp.

Endothermic Reaction

Bonds of reactants breaking releasing energy as heat.

Physical change

Bending, crushing, cutting, melting, freezing, and boiling.

Chemical Change

Rusts forms, changes in color, bubbles

solvent

what is dissolving the solute

Solute

What is being dissolved by the solvent

What is the positively charged subatomic particle?

Proton

What is the negatively charged subatomic particle?

Neutron

What 2 subatomic particles are about the same size?

Protons & Neutrons

What do we call the first column on elements?

Alkali metals

Where are metals located on the periodic table?

Left

Soure to taste

Acid

Bitter to tatse

Base

Low on the pH scale

Acid

High on the pH scale

Base

What is the correct number of electrons in the first 3 shells?

8

Who said electrons have exact paths>

Niles Bohr

Who said the atoms was mostly empty space?

Ernest Rutherford

Who said the atoms was a solid positive material with negative spots?

Thomason

What kind of problems can develop from using synthetic materials such as plastic?

Negative impacts

Chemicals and resources that are made by humans are called __?

Natural resources

What kind of mixture is spaghetti and meatballs?

Heterogenous mixture

Cutting, melting, bending, or crushing are examples of what kind of change?

Physical change

What kind of change is the formation of rust?

Chemical

Which pieces of information does a chemical equation include

Reactants, products, & coefficients