Studied by 17 people
style
consists of the choices a writers makes regarding words, phrases, and sentences
simple sentence
has a single independent clause; can have compound subject/verb
compound sentence
has two clauses, each of which could exist as a simple sentence if you removed the conjunction connecting them
complex sentence
has two clauses, one independent and at least one subordinate to the main clause
compound-complex sentence
has the defining features of both a compound and a complex sentence
loose sentence
basic sentence with details added immediately at the end of the basic sentence elements
periodic sentence
sentence in which additional details are placed either before the basic sentence elements or in the middle of them
parallelism
parallel structure, includes parallelism of words, parallelism of phrases, and parallelism of clauses
diction
the choice of words
"the ladder of abstraction"
general to specific terms
romance language
has roots in Latin, the language spoken in ancient Rome
Latinate diction
associated with writing in more formal situations
Anglo-Saxon diction
linked with writing in more informal situations
denotation
a literal meaning of a word
connotation
an association, emotional or otherwise, that a word evokes
scheme
any artful variation from the typical arrangement of words in a sentence
trope
any artful variation from the typical or expected way a word or idea is expressed
zeugma
a figure in which more than one item in a sentence is governed by a single word, usually a verb
antithesis
in which parallelism is used to juxtapose words, phrases, or clauses that contrast
antimetabole
in which words are repeated in different grammatical forms
parenthesis
an interruptive word, phrase, or clause set off from the sentence
appositive
a construction in which two coordinating elements are set side by side, and the second explains or modifies the first
ellipsis
any omission of words, the meaning of which is provided by the overall context of the passage
asyndeton
an omission of conjunctions between related clauses
alliteration
repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning or in the middle of two or more adjacent words
assonance
repetition of vowel sounds in the stressed syllables of two or more adjacent words
anaphora
repetition of the same group of words in the beginning of successive clauses
epistrophe
repetition of the same group of words at the end of successive clauses
anadiplosis
repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause
climax
repetition of words, phrases, or clauses in order of increasing number or importance
climbing the ladder
anadiplosis and climax
metaphor
an implied comparison between two things that, on the surface, seem dissimilar but that, upon further examination, share common characteristics
simile
resembles a metaphor except that the comparison between the two things is made explicit with the use of the word like or as
synecdoche
a part of something is used to refer to the whole
metonymy
an entity is referred to by one of its attributes
personification
inanimate objects are given human characteristics
periphrasis
a descriptive word or phrase is used to refer to a proper name
pun
a word that suggests two of its meanings or the meaning of a homonym
anthimeria
one part of speech, usually a verb, substitutes for another, usually a noun
onomatopoeia
sounds of the words used are related to their meaning
hyperbole
the trope of overstatement
litotes
the trope of understatement
irony
words are meant to convey the opposite of their literal meaning
sarcasm
when irony has a particularly biting or bitter tone
oxymoron
words that have apparently contradictory meanings are placed near each other
rhetorical question
a question is designed not to secure an answer but to move the development of an idea forward and suggest a point
Note 
Flashcard (30)