New Right

What perspective is the New Right linked to?

Functionalism

What political party is the New Right associated with?

The Conservative Party

Which prime minister is the New Right associated with?

Conservative prime minister Thatcher. 1979-90

What have supporters of the New Right been influential in?

Many social policies in British Society since the 1980s

What do the New Right argue about the education system?

There are 3 central roles

What are the 3 central roles of the education system?

• Formal Socialisation

• Social Selection

• Skills

Formal Socialisation - What is formal socialisation?

Refers to the way the education system is an official agent that teaches pupils the norms and values of society. The New Right argue that the education system is responsible for creating a shared culture in society

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1988 - The National Curriculum - When was the Education Reform Act?

1988

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - What did the Education Reform Act of 1988 introduce?

A National Curriculum

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - What did the National Curriculum stress?

The importance of upholding standards of what is taught within schools

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - What was an aim of the National Curriculum?

To transmit a single shared culture

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - Like Functionalism, what do the New Right argue is a role of the education system?

To socialise all children into one cultural tradition

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - What are 2 subjects that are examples of how the education system socialises all children into one cultural tradition?

• History

• English Literature

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - How does History socialise all children into one cultural tradition?

The curriculum in history should advocate the positive role that Britain has played in shaping modern European political norms. For example WW2

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - How does English Literature socialise all children into one cultural tradition?

Within literature there should be a focus upon influential British figures such as Shakespeare. And there should be a Christain act of worship in schools each day.

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - Other examples of how a shared culture is taught in schools

• Language studies teach us about other cultures

• Food tech / culture day

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - What did the DFE make compulsory in 2014?

For all schools to teach about the British values

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - What are some of the British values?

• Democracy

• Tolerance

• Liberty

• Rule of Law

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - Who would regulate schools teaching these values?

Ofsted

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - Examples of how are British values taught in schools>

• Tolerance through group work

• Democracy through voting for a head girl or boy

• Liberty through student voice forums

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - Evaluation - Postmodernists - Why would postmodernists critique the New Rights view of the National Curriculum?

They argue in today’s society there is no single heritage or sense of collective culture

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - Evaluation - Postmodernists - Since there is no single heritage or sense of collective culture, what is our social world characterised by?

Choice, individualism and diversity

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - Evaluation - Postmodernists - What is there multiple of in our society today?

Multiple different identities and customs

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - Evaluation - Postmodernists - What idea, according to postmodernists, is outdated?

The idea that there should be one experience for all

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - Evaluation - The New Right itself - Why can the New Right be an evaluation for itself?

Because the New Right view is a contradiction

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - Evaluation - The New Right itself - On the one hand, what does the New Right state?

That the state should be heavily involved in the education system

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - Evaluation - The New Right itself - How should the state be heavily involved in the education system?

By influencing norms and culture

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - Evaluation - The New Right itself - How should the state influence norms and culture?

Through formal socialisation

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - Evaluation - The New Right itself - Though the New Right call for state involvement, what do they also say?

They also advocate for minimal state intervention

Formal Socialisation - Education Reform Act 1998 - The National Curriculum - Evaluation - The New Right itself - What do the New Right heavily support?

Decentralisation as a social policy

FORMAL SOCIALISATION FINISHED

FORMAL SOCIALISATION FINISHED

Social Selection - What is social selection?

Refers to the way a person is chosen to perform a particular social role or job in society, through their performance in the education system. A person’s capability to perform a particular role is indicated through their qualifications

Social Selection - What perspective is the New Right similar to?

Functionalism

Social Selection - What are the similarities between the New Right and Functionalism?

• Both believe that some people are naturally more talented than others. Davis and Moore

• Both favour an education system which runs on meritocratic principles. Parsons

• Both believe the education system should socialise pupils into shared values, such as competition and instil a sense of national identity. Durkheim

Social Selection - However, although the New Right and Functionalism have similarities, what is a key difference?

The New Right doesn’t believe that the current education system is achieving these goals

Social Selection - According to the New Right, why is the education system failing to achieve these goals?

Because the education system is run by the state

Social Selection - What is the New Right reasoning as to why the state can’t run a good education system?

As there is not enough competition to power school improvement schemes

Social Selection - What is another reason why the state can’t run a good education system?

Local consumers who use the school for example, pupils, parents and employers have any say

Social Selection - What kind of approach does state education take?

One size fits all

Social Selection - Because of the one size fits all approach, what is disregarded?

Local needs

Social Selection - What is the New Rights solution to these problems?

The marketisation of education

Social Selection - By introducing the marketisation of education, what is created?

An eduaction market

Social Selection - What do the New Right argue about competition between schools and empowering consumers?

Competition between schools and empowering consumers will bring greater diversity, choice and efficency to schools

Social Selection - Increased Choice - Voucher System - Chubb And Moe - What view do Chubb and Moe support?

Increasing competition between schools and empowering consumers

Social Selection - Increased Choice - Voucher System - Chubb And Moe - What did Chubb and Moe examine?

Schools in the USA

Social Selection - Increased Choice - Voucher System - Chubb And Moe - What did Chubb and Moe compare?

The achievement of 60,000 pupils from low income families in 1015 state and private schools

Social Selection - Increased Choice - Voucher System - Chubb And Moe - What did evidence show about pupils from low income families?

They did consistently about 5% better in private schools than in state schools

Social Selection - Increased Choice - Voucher System - Chubb And Moe - What do Chubb and Moe call for?

The introduction of a market system in state schools

Social Selection - Increased Choice - Voucher System - Chubb And Moe - What will the introduction of a market system in state schools do?

Allow the consumers to shape schools to meet their own needs and improve quality and efficiency

Social Selection - Increased Choice - Voucher System - Chubb And Moe - To give consumers more power and shape schools to meet their own needs, what do Chubb and Moe propose?

A voucher system

Social Selection - Increased Choice - Voucher System - Chubb And Moe - What is a voucher system?

A publically funded scholarship which is used for parents to select a school that is right for their child. They can pay private school fees. The money comes from taxes, but is given by the state

Social Selection - Increased Choice - Voucher System - Chubb And Moe - What does the voucher system increase?

Market choice

Social Selection - Increased Choice - Voucher System - Chubb And Moe - How is market choice increased by the voucher system?

If families can choose schools, bad schools will loose students and funding. They must improve to stay open

Social Selection - Increased Choice - Voucher System - Chubb And Moe - Evaluation - Marxist Bowles And Gintis - What would Bowles and Gintis criticise?

The idea of a voucher system

Social Selection - Increased Choice - Voucher System - Chubb And Moe - Evaluation - Marxist Bowles And Gintis - Why would Bowles and Gintis criticise the voucher system?

As it would reproduce class inequalities

Social Selection - Increased Choice - Voucher System - Chubb And Moe - Evaluation - Marxist Bowles And Gintis - How would the voucher system reproduce class inequalities?

Parents with more cultural capital and time, mainly middle class parents, are more well informed about schools. Private schools may select students from middle and upper class because they do better than students from low income families

Social Selection - Increased Choice - Voucher System - Chubb And Moe - Evaluation - Feminist Jackson - Why would Jackson criticise Chubb and Moe?

As they don’t acknowledge that a voucher system would reinforce gender inequalities

Social Selection - Increased Choice - Voucher System - Chubb And Moe - Evaluation - Feminist Jackson - What gender is preferred to stay in education?

Girls

Social Selection - Increased Choice - Voucher System - Chubb And Moe - Evaluation - Feminist Jackson - Since when have girls been preferred to stay in education?

Since the introduction of league tables

Social Selection - Increased Choice - Voucher System - Chubb And Moe - Evaluation - Feminist Jackson - Why have girls been preferred to stay in education since the introduction of league tables?

Because girls statistically perform better than boys in education

CHUBB AND MOE FINISHED

CHUBB AND MOE FINISHED

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - In 1992, what did the Conservative government do?

Introduced league tables into the education system

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - Who were the Conservative government influenced by?

New Right thinking

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - Because of the introduction of league tables, what would schools now have to do?

Compete for a position in a ranking system

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - Who could access league tables?

Parents

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - Because parents could access league tables, what could they do?

Make decisions about where they would like to send their children

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - David - Because parents could now make more decisions about where to send their children, what did David describe this as?

Parentocracy

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - David - What does parentocracy mean?

Parents as consumers. They can decide where to send their children

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - David - Because of parentocracy, what would happen to schools higher up on the league table?

They would be highly sought after

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - David - Because schools higher up would become more sought after due to parentocracy, what else would happen to these schools?

They would become oversubscribed

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - David - Because of parentocracy, what would happen to schools lower down the league table?

They would be less desirable

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - David - Why would schools lower down the league table become less desirable?

As they don’t appear to offer the same educational standards

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - What would the New Right argue about this competition that is created between schools?

Competition would benefit all

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - Why would this competition benefit all?

As no school would want to be at the bottom of the league table

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - Because no school would want to be at the bottom of the league table, what would all schools do?

Strive to be the best they could be

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - What else encouraged schools to strive to be the best they could be?

The fact that the Conservative government introduced formula funding in 1988

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - What did formula funding mean?

A schools finance was linked to how many students they attracted

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - Because of formula funding, what was there now a strong incentive for?

All schools to perform well or they risked closure

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - Evaluation - What may schools become more concerned with?

Their league table position

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - Evaluation - With schools more concerned about their league table position, what are they less concerned about?

The students themselves

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - Evaluation - What examples shows that schools became more concerned with their league table position than with their students?

A large percentage of schools budgets which should be spent on pupils is now spent on marketing

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - Evaluation - What did Gewirtz suggest not all parents have?

Cultural capital to make good decisions for their children

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - Evaluation - Gorard And Smith - What did Gorard and Smith highlight about policies that increased competition and selection?

They led to a concentration of ethnic minorities in poorer schools

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - Evaluation - Gorard And Smith - What were league tables also seen to promote?

A spiral of decline

Social Selection - Increased Competition - League Tables - Evaluation - Gorard And Smith - What does a spiral of decline mean?

There is a constant reduction in funding, making it difficult for schools to improve

SOCIAL SELECTION FINISHED

SOCIAL SELECTION FINISHED

Skills - What are skills?

Refers to the passing of particular talents and abilities which enable the younger generation to fit into the employment sector

Skills - How has the introduction of vocationalism been taken up by successive governments?

As another initiative pushed by the New Right in support of preparing students with the skills needed for the modern economy

Skills - What is vocational education?

Mainly classroom based training. Some time spent on the job

Skills - What is vocational training?

Mainly work based training, to develop specific skills. Governments since the 1980s have introduced a whole series of vocational courses and initiatives

Skills - Apprenticeships - In 2008, what did the Labour government introduce?

Modern Apprenticeships

Skills - Apprenticeships - What were these modern apprenticeships based on?

Frameworks that are now devised by the Sector Skills Councils

Skills - Apprenticeships - What was founded in 2009?

The National Apprenticeships Service

Skills - Apprenticeships - What was the National Apprenticeships Service founded to do?

Coordinate apprenticeships in England

Skills - Apprenticeships - What did apprenticeships aim to do?

Train young people in a specific sector of work

Skills - Apprenticeships - What did apprenticeships aim to provide?

Provide young people directly with the skills they would need in the workplace

Skills - Apprenticeships - What areas did these apprenticeships include?

• Retail

• Tourism

• Funeral services

Skills - Apprenticeships - What is an example of a traditional apprenticeship that was included?

Plumbing

Skills - Raising The School Leaving Age - From September of 2013, what was the education laving age?

17

Skills - Raising The School Leaving Age - When was the education leaving age amended?

September of 2015