Exploring Deaf Communities Exam 4

Disability in the US

in the 1800s, people with disabilities were put in institutions and aslyums and used as entertainment in teveling ciruses

T or F: The time period of “purification” refers to Americans not wanting to see people with disabilties

T

Eugenics

belief that the human population can be improved by having superior human breed

inferior humans are removed or sterilized

1960s law (influenced by the horrors of Nazi Germany)

President Lyndon B. Johnson passed a law that requires facilities built by the government to be accessible

tihs led to more and more laws about accesibility to be passed

accessibility

enables access for people with disabilities - can be a product, device, the environment, or services

universal design

make the design “universal” to begin with — aka, it is always accessible, rather than accessibility being “added-on” later

examples of universal design

curb cuts

captions

history of captions

the first show with captions = 1972, The French Chef with Julia Child

slowly, witha lot of activism from the Deaf community, more and more shows were captioned

the captioning device cost about $200 in 1970s, about the same price as the TV. So, Deaf people had to pay double

television decoder circuitry act of 1990

all televisions 13 inches or larger include a captioning device inside the TV itself

2015 NAD lawsuit

NAD sued Harvard and MIT for not captioning their public, online videos

closed captions

need to be turned on using a remote or by clicking a button on the screenio

open captions

permanently embedded on the screen

they cannot be turned off or removed

Are captions and subtitles the same thing?

No! Captions include descriptions of sound

Subtitles are just a translation of what is being said

T or F: The ADA covers movie theaters and requires captioning

F

Why did the invention of the telephone set back the Deaf community?

because of its importance among people who can hear

teletypewrite (TTY)

invented in the 1960s by a Deaf scientist, Robert Weitbrecht

looks like a typewriter, hooked up to the phone. People type out messages that showed up on hte other end

video relay services (VRS)

many deaf americans prefer to use sign language over typed english

how it works: deaf caller → sign language interpreter → hearing caller

T or F: During 2001, there was the very first real-time Spanish captioning with mixed case and accent marks during CNN en Espanol news

T

types of alerting systems

flashing light for doorbells or other systems (like the phone ringing, alarms, baby crying)

How do Deaf people call 911?

In 2014, FCC ordered that Deaf people should be able to text to 911 for emergencies

T or F: The majority of 911 call centers can’t accept text-to-911 in 2015

T, but it is anticipated in the future

ringing doorbells - 1956

pull a knob that was made of a weighted block—suddenly dropping it on the floor created vibrations

doorbells now

can be wireless and connect to the lights or vibration in the house

$50 - $200

baby alerting devices

deaf caregivers used to sleep with their babies, often resting their hands on the baby’s chest to make sure they were breathing, bringing their babies everywhere

in the 1970s, a light-based baby monitor became available — if a baby cried, the lights would go off (but it didn’t always work)

now, there are baby cams

wake-up devices

clocks where you can plug in a vibrating device that goes under the bed (or plug in a lamp)

or, smartwatches now include this feature (vibration)

historically how deaf people wake up

mental determination

clutch an alarm cloch

clock (with bells) tied to the head of a cot (bed frame)

fasten a string to a key in an alarm so when the alarm goes off the key turns and it switches the light on

alarm with electric fan so when the alarm goes off the fan turns on

run a string from a cot to another cot (like a hearing roommate) — they jerk the string

flat irons fall from the ceilingn when the alarms go off

two woods slats — attach a string to an upright piece of work and a clock key, and as the key turns, the wood would fall

shelves sloping with the cannon ball

iron board

broom hit against the ceiling (hearing person knocks the ceiling)

rat trap turn on the light

home security and alarm systems

most are sound-based and require voiced phone calls to disable the alarm

now, more and more security system providers now have enhanced features which include lighting (color-coded) or flashing lights

emergency announcements

more and more TV emergency announcements include a CDI on stage

more nad more entities include paging alert sign-up service where you can be notified in case of emergency via text or email

assistive systems and devices

filter out the reverberation and background noise in cochlear implant users

often called audio loop systems, AM systems, FM systems, or infared systems

video remote interpreting (VRI)

computer or device that is connected to the internet and includes a webcam — device is brought to the clients (think the Pitt)

sometimes interpreters are not available to show up in person, so VRI is a temporary solution