substitute

several factors to consider when substituting ingredients

difference in flavor, moisture, texture, and weight

abbreviation for teaspoon

tsp

abbreviation for tablespoon

Tbsp

abbreviation for pound

lb

abbreviation for ounce

oz

1 tsp allspice

½ tsp cinnamon plus ½ tsp ground cloves

1 tsp apple pie spice

½ tsp cinnamon, ¼ tsp nutmeg, 1/8 tsp cardamom

1 Tbsp arrowroot (for thickening

2 Tbsp all-purpose flour

1 Tbsp cornstarch

1 tsp baking powder, double acting

¼ tsp baking soda, ½ tsp cream of tartar, ¼ tsp cornstarch

1 tsp bay leaf, crushed

1 whole bay leaf

¼ cup Brandy

1 tsp brandy extract plus enough water or liquid called for in recipe to make 1/4 cup

¼ - ⅓ cup Breadcrumbs (dry)

1 sliced bread; ⅔ cup rolled oats

¼ cup cracker crumbs

1 cup broth: beef/chicken

1 bouillon cube

1 tsp powder base

1 granules dissolved in 1 cup water

1 cup butter

1 cup margarine

1 cup catsup

1 cup tomato sauce, ½ cup sugar, 2 Tbsp vinegar

1 Tbsp chives, finely chopped

1 Tbsp green onion tops, finely chopped

1 cup coconut cream

1 cup cream

1 Tbsp coconut: grated, dry

1 ½ Tbsp fresh coconut, grated

1 cup chili sauce

1 cup tomato sauce, ¼ cup brown sugar, 2 Tbsp vinegar, ¼ tsp cinnamon, and dash of ground cloves and allspice

1 oz chocolate, unsweetened

3 Tbsp cocoa + 1 Tbsp butter or fat

3 Tbsp carob powder + 2 Tbsp water