Unit 7 History

"Fat Man"

"Fat Man"

Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki

"Little Boy"

name of 1st atomic bomb. Dropped on Hiroshima

Abyssinian Conference

originated in a dispute over the town of Walwal, which then turned into a conflict between the Fascist-ruled Kingdom of Italy and the Ethiopian Empire

AJP Taylor (ww2)

Claimed Hitler was an opportunist; WWII was an accident because Hitler never expected the powers to actually go to war over Poland

Anschluss

The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938.

appeasement

A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war.

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, and Japan

Battle of Britain

the first major battle in history were air power alone determined the outcome of victory

Battle of Midway

U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II in the Pacific.

Battle of the Bulge

A 1944-1945 battle in which Allied forces turned back the last major German offensive of World War II.

blitzkrieg

"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland n 1939

Charles de Gaulle

French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile.

Dawes Plan

A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success.

Disarmament Conference 1932

League of Nations event, which failed as a result of French demands for security, gave Germany an excuse to leave League of Nations in 1933

Final Solution

term that was used by the Nazi's that refered to their decision and plan to annihilate and exterminate Germany of the Jewish people.

Franklin Rossevelt

American president during WWII who declared war on Japan after the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Gekokujo

Directly translated, means insubordination. The Japanese tradition of soldiers "acting against corruption" by defying their superiors.

Hirohito

emperor of Japan during WWII. his people viewed him as a god

Holocaust

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

Intentionalist

Those who believe that Hitler had planned the systematic killing from the beginning

Invasion of Manchuria

(1931) The Japanese, motivated by the militarism and imperialism invaded the Chinese province of Manchuria. The outrage by Western nations led to Japans exit from the League of Nations.

Jingoism

Extreme patriotism, especially in the form of aggressive or warlike foreign policy

Kellog Briand Pact

1928 International agreement not to use war as an instrument of national policy.

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Lebensraum

Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people

Manchurian Crisis

On September 18, 1931, an explosion destroyed a section of railway track near the city of Mukden. L.O.N. did nothing

Meiji Restoration

beginning in 1868, and attempt by the Japanese Government to modernize Japan in order to compete with other industrialized nations and protect its interests in Asia.

Munich Agreement

The settlement allowed German annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia

Mussolini

"El Duche" became the leader of Italy when the fascists took over in 1922. He attacked and overran Abyssinia in 1935 in search of an African empire.

Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact

Germany and USSR will not declare war on each other- the public didn't know about the other part of the agreement which divided Poland between the two countries.

Neville Chamberlain

A British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Best known for his appeasment policy. Let Germany have Czechloslovakia by signing the Munich Agreement. Led Britain into the first eight months of WWII.

Operation Barbarossa

codename for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II.

Orthodox Historians-Hitler

Historians which believe Hitler had a fanatical will and a consistent program of aggression

Orthodox Historians-Paris Peace Settlement

historians that see the settlement in Paris 1919 as a failed compromise between the idealism of Wilson and the realism and selfishness of the European powers.

Pact of Steel

May 1939 - Italy and Germany; turned the Rome-Beline axis into a full scale military and political alliance, an aggressive agreement

Phoney War

period between Sept 1939 and Apr 1940 when British/ French/ Canadian alliance and Germany were officially in war but neither sides attacked.

Revisionist Historians-Hitler

historians which reject the idea of Hitler being an all-powerful leader in complete control of events. They portray him as a referee controlling bitter disputes between competing factions, individuals and organizations within Nazi Germany.

Revisionist Historians-Paris Peace Settlements

historians that see the settlement in Paris 1919 as an achievement but the architects failed to follow through the principles laid down at Paris and by their failure ensured a German revival.

Russo Japanese War

A conflict that grew out of the rival imperialist ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over Manchuria and Korea.

Second Sino Japanese War

War started by Japanese in 1937 - Japanese marched into the city of Nanjing and killed hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians

The Sino Japanese War

was fought between China and Japan for its influence over Korea; Japan's victory symbolized its successful modernization though it was still treated unequally by the West.

Stalingrad

site of a Red Army victory over the Germany army in 1942-1943 which became the turnining point in the war between Germany and the Soviet Union.

The Big Three-WW2

Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin, the three leaders of the Allies during WWII.

Tojo

Although he was not the emperor of Japan, as military leader and the new prime minister, he designed the Japan war plan in the Pacific theater.

Tripartite Pact

Pact between Japan, Germany, and Italy signed in September 1940

Vichy France

In World War II, is was the right-wing government of unoccupied France after the country's defeat by the Germans in June 1940.

Winston Churchill

British Prime Minister who opposed the policy of appeasement and led Great Britain through World War II

Young Plan

program for settlement of German reparations after World War I. Presented by American Owen D. Young. Set the total reparations at $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years. Was adopted by the Allied Powers in 1930 to supersede the Dawes Plan.

Zaibatsu

Large conglomerate corporations through which key elite families exerted a great deal of political and economic power in Imperial Japan. By WWII, four of them controlled most of the economy of Japan.

Zhukov

Soviet general who during World War II directed the counteroffensive at Stalingrad and relieved Leningrad and captured Berlin (1896-1974)