Literary Masterpieces of Jose Rizal

Vocabulary flashcards about the literary masterpieces of Jose Rizal from the provided lecture notes.

Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Felipinas

Annotated edition printed in 1890, proving Filipinos had a degree of civilization before the Spaniards, with clothes, government, laws, writing, literature, religion, arts, sciences, and commerce.

Rizal's Annotations on Morga

Showed the Philippines was an advanced civilization prior to the Spanish conquest, mentioning the Roman Catholic religion and the diverse nationalities within Spanish expeditions.

Pre-Spanish Filipino Civilization

Was well advanced in duties of life, with the islands brought under Spanish sovereignty through compacts, treaties, and alliances.

Ancient Filipinos' Warfare

Had army and navy with artillery, prized krises and kampilans, and advanced industry in coats of mail and helmets.

Magellan's Service Transfer

Ferdinand Magellan transferred from the Portuguese to the Spanish King because the Portuguese King refused his salary raise.

Cebu's Original Name

Was first called 'The village of San Miguel' before being named 'The City of the Most Holy Name of Jesus.'

Name 'Philipina'

Given to one of the southern islands, Tendaya (now Leyte), by Villalobos' expedition and later extended to the whole archipelago.

Native Manila Rulers

Raja Soliman was called 'Rahang mura' (young king), while the old king was 'Rahang matanda.'

Legaspi's Arrival in Manila

Legaspi arrived in Manila on May 20th, not May 19th, and it was San Baudelio's day, not the festival of Santa Potenciana.

Bisayas

Also called 'The land of the Painted People (or Pintados, in Spanish),' because natives decorated their bodies with tracings made with fire, like tattooing.

Meaning of 'Entrust'

When Morga says lands were 'entrusted' to those who had 'pacified' them, he means 'divided up among', later having an ironical signification.

Salcedo's Legacy

Legaspi's grandson, Salcedo, the 'Hernando Cortez of the Philippines', left the great part of his possessions to the Indians of his encomienda, Vigan.

Filipino Bowmen in Spanish Expeditions

More than fifteen hundred Filipino bowmen from Pangasinan, Kagayan, and Bisayas participated in the Spanish expedition to Borneo.

Governors Accountable

Early Spanish governors were strictly held to account, with some staying in Manila as prisoners.

Kagayan's Pacification

Was accomplished by taking advantage of jealousies among its people, particularly the rivalry between two brothers who were chiefs.

Gabriel de Rivera

Captain Gabriel de Rivera was the first envoy from the Philippines to take up the needs of the archipelago with the King of Spain.

Ancient Filipino Artillery

The artillery cast for the new stone fort in Manila was by the hand of an ancient Filipino, indicating knowledge of cannon casting before the Spaniards.

Cavendish's Captives

When the English freebooter Cavandish captured the Mexican galleon Santa Ana, he took 150 prisoners but put all ashore with supplies except select individuals for guidance.

Early Philippine Shipbuilding

Ships were built in the islands from the earliest Spanish days, evidencing native culture.

Jesuit Father Alonso Sanchez

Visited the papal court in Rome and the Spanish King, acting as a counselor or representative of the Philippines.

Construction of Manila's Stone Wall

Manila was guarded against damage by constructing a massive stone wall around it without expense to the royal treasury.

Early Cathedral's Construction

The early cathedral of wood was built with hardwood pillars around which two men could not reach, showing Filipino hard work.

Bishop's Residence

A stone house for the bishop was built before starting on the governor-general's residence, an interesting precedence.

Manila Cannon Works

The scant output of large artillery from the Manila cannon works was because after the death of Panday Pira there were not Spaniards skilled enough to take his place.

Foreign relations

China, Japan, and Cambodia maintained relations with the Philippines, but interference by religious orders ended relationships with the latter two.

Filipinos Aided the government

Among the Filipinos who aided the government when the Manila Chinese revolted, there were 4,000 Pampangans armed after the way of their land.

Japanese and Filipinos showed themselves cruel

Some Spanish writers say that the Japanese volunteers and the Filipinos showed themselves cruel in slaughtering the Chinese refugees.

Filipino Chiefs in Spanish expedition.

The Filipino chiefs who at their own expense went with the Spanish expedition against Ternate, in the Moluccas, in 1605, were Don Guillermo Palaot, Maestro de Campo, and Captains Francisco Palaot, Juan Lit, Luis Lont, and Agustin Lont.

Ancient traditions

Ancient traditions ascribe the origin of the Malay Filipinos to the island of Samatra.

Morga's remark

Morga's remark that the Filipinos like fish better when it is commencing to turn bad is another of those prejudices which Spaniards like all other nations, have.

Ancient Filipinos had had minstrels

Colin says the ancient Filipinos had had minstrels who had memorized songs telling their genealogies and of the deeds ascribed to their deities.

Cannon foundry

The cannon foundry mentioned by Morga as in the walled city was probably on the site of the Tagalog one which was destroyed by fire on the first coming of the Spaniards.

Morga's statement

Morga's statement that there was not a province or town of the Filipinos that resisted conversion or did not want it may have been true of the civilized natives.

The Spaniards

"The Spaniards," says Morga, "were accustomed to hold as slaves such natives as they bought and others that they took in the forays in the conquest or pacification of the islands."

Noli Me Tangere

Rizal's first novel, meaning 'Touch Me Not,' dedicated to the Philippines, portraying a social cancer and the need for treatment.

Synopsis of Noli Me Tangere

The story begins with Crisostomo Ibarra's return to the Philippines, revealing social issues, tragic deaths, and conflicts with the church.

Elias

A boatman who saved Ibarra's life during a picnic, suspected of assaulting Father Damaso.

Maria Clara

Ibarra's childhood sweetheart, who teased him about other women in Germany.

Tasio

The philosopher, who seemed to live beyond his time, that people who could not understand him, called him "Tasio, the Lunatic,"

Sisa

A former rich girl who married a man below her station, also a gambler and a wastrel. She had two sons, Basilio and Crispin, whom she loved very dearly.

Missing Chapter 'Elias and Salome'

Deleted by Rizal for economy, it tells of Elias and Salome's goodbye, with Salome desiring to live by the lake of Mindoro with Elias.

El Filibusterismo

Rizal's second novel, dedicated to martyr priests, less romantic and more revolutionary than Noli Me Tangere.

Simoun

The hero of El Filibusterismo; actually Ibarra.

El Filibusterismo Summary

The story follows Ibarra's return as Simoun, a wealthy jeweler, planning revenge against the Spanish authorities through revolution.

Rizal's Prediction

In 'The Philippines, A Century Hence,' Rizal accurately predicted the end of Spanish rule and the need for reforms.

Spain's Military Policies

Spain's implementation of her military policies caused the Philippine population to decrease dramatically, poverty became more rampant, and farmlands were left to wither.

Deterioration and disappearance of Filipino indigenous culture

Spanish came with the sword and the cross, it began the gradual destruction of the native Philippine culture.

Passivity and submissiveness to the Spanish colonizers

Because of the use of force, the Filipinos learned to submit themselves to the will of the foreigners.