Exercise Physiology

What 3 variables are affected during exercise testing (broad categories)

muscle, heart, lungs

systemic vascular resistance ____ with exercise

decreases

O2 extraction _______ with exercise

increases

CO ________ with exercise, why does this occur?

increases, increased SV and HR

how is VO2 calculated?

CO x a-VO₂ diff

what is a met equivalent to?

3.5 ml of O2 per kg per min

how can VO2 be measured?

direct calorimetry, indirect calorimetry, open circuit spirimotry

what is a good shift of anaerobic threshold?

shift right (increase)

what is anaerobic/ventilatory threshold?

the point where VO2 and VCO2 become equal and then flip

why is anaerobic threshold significant?

workloads below it can be sustained for prolonged periods

what caused ventilatory threshold to be reached?

increased work level- increased blood lactate→ increased ventilation

what is the respiratory exchange ratio (RER)

VCO₂ / VO₂

early on in exercise, is VO₂ or VCO₂ higher?

VO2

after the ventilatory threshold is reached is VO₂ or VCO₂ higher?

VCO₂

oxygen consumed per heart beat

oxygen pulse

what other variables is RER partially dependent on?

fuel used for metabolism (carbs vs. fats) and effort during test

RER value that generally indicates excellent effort during a test

greater than 1.2

what is rate pressure product?

HR x systolic BP

what is rate pressure product and indicator of?

myocardial oxygen consumption

how should exercise tests be interpreted for exercise prescription?

calculate VO2 peak then peak METS→ prescribe exercises based on heart rate, RPE, or METS

how do you calculate peak METS?

convert VO2 peak to milliliters, divide by body weight in kg, divide by 3.5 (1 MET)

how do you prescribe activities to a patient based on peak METS?

can prescribe ant activity that requires less than their peak METS

what values of HRR, peak VO2, and HR max should be used to prescribe activitites?

65-70% HRR, 65% peak VO2, 65% HR max