Reproduction

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What does Asexual reproduction NOT involve?

Sex cells and fertilisation

Whats an example of asexual reproduction?

Bacteria produces exact genetic copies of themselves

What is Asexual Reproduction?

genetically identical offspring from one parent

What is Sexual Reproduction?

Process used to produce offspring that are genetically distinct from each other

What is fertilisation?

fusion of gamete nuclei

What is a gamete?

a sex cell

How many chromosomes does a human body have?

46

How many chromosomes does a gamete have?

23

What are Flowers? 

the reproductive organs of plants

What are the roles of Flowers to enable plant sex cells?

1. The male gametes are found in pollen grains 2. The female gametes are in the ovules

How are wind-pollinated flowers adapted?

the wind can easily catch pollen grains

Why do the anthers and stigmas hang outside the flower?

pollen can easily be blown away by the wind

pollen can easily be caught by the stigmas of other flowers

What are the Human gamets?

the Egg and Sperm cells

Are gametes specialised cells?

Yes

What happens after fertilisation?

the zygote travels towards the uterus

How long is the gestation period for humans?

9 months

How long does it take for the major development of organs

the first 12 weeks

What is the fetus surrounded by, and what fluid does it contain?

amniotic sac which contains amniotic fluid

What does the umbilical cord do?

joins the fetus’s blood supply to the placenta for exchange of nutrients and removal of waste products

When are the Primary sexual characteristics present?

during development in the uterus

When are the Secondary sexual characteristics present?

during puberty 

What are they controlled by?

by the release of hormones oestrogen & testosterone 

What are the emotional changes caused by?

increased levels of hormones

Which includes more interest in what?

in sex and mood swings

How long is the menstrual cycle?

28 days

when does ovulation occur?

14 days after 

What does the Failure to fertilise the egg cause?

menstruation

How long does a period usually last?

5 to 7 days

What happens if you don’t have unprotected sex?

Transfer of pathogens and body fluids

How does HIV affect the immune system?

people often suffer mid flu symptoms

give 3 reasons to control the spread of STL?

Use a condom, limit the number of sexual partners, & Get tested

What does STI stand for?

Sexually Transmitted Infections

What is pollination?

Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma

What is the Stamen and what does it consist of?

Produces the male gametes and consist of the anther and filament

What is the Carpel and what does it consist of?

Produces female gametes and consist of the stigma, style and ovary

How are the insect-pollinated flowers adapted?

Large and bright coloured petals

What is the main function of the Egg cell?

to carry the female DNA and to nourish the embryo

What is the function of the Sperm

Transports the male DNA to the female Egg

What 2 examples of asexual reproduction?

1. binary fission in bacteria 2. budding in yeast cells