ch. 2 chemical principles

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34 Terms

1

atoms

smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

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2

element

a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions (all have the same number of protons)

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3

isotopes

element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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4

compound

molecule that contains at least two different kinds of elements in a fixed ratio

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5

covalent bond

chemical bond formed by two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons

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6

ionic bonds

an attraction between ions of opposite charge that hold them toegther to form a stable molecule

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7

hydrogen bond

weak bonds formed by attraction of positively charged hydrogen atom to a negatively charged atom.

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8

organic

c to c or c to h bond

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9

inorganic

do not contain c to c or c to h bond

typically composed of elements otheer than carbon

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10

carbohydrates

large and diverse group of organic compounds that include sugar and starches

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11

general formula for carbohydrate

CH2O

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12

monosaccharide

single sugar molecule

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13

disaccharide

two monosaccharides connected through dehydration synthesis

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14

Polysaccharides

the polymers of sugars have storage and structural roles

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15

starch

a storage polysaccharide of plants

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16

cellulose

major component of plant cell walls

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17

chitin

found in exoskeleton

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18

simple lipid

contain glycerol and fatty acid

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19

saturated fats

do not have c-c double bonds

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20

unsaturated fats

have one or more c-c double bonds

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21

proteins

enzymes, transporter
proteins, toxins, contraction,
movement, hormones, cell components
etc.

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22

amino acids

building blocks of
proteins

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23

peptide bond

Link Amino Acids Together in Proteins

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24

primary structure

the unique sequence in which the amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide

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25

secondary structure

repetitious twisting or folding of the poly peptide chain which forms helix or sheet

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26

tertiary structure

refers to overall three dimensional structure of polypeptide chainq

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27

quaternary structure

two or more individual polypeptides joining to form a protein

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28

four bases of DNA

adenine

thymine

guanine

cytosine

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29

purine

guanine and adenine

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30

pyrimidine

thymine cytosine and uracil

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31

char gaffs rule

a=t, g=c

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32

RNA four bases

adenine

uracil

guanine

cytosine

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33

DNA

double stranded

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34

RNA

single stranded

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