unit 2 : the weather

vocab in use b2

misty

If the weather is misty, there is mist in the air that makes it difficult to see into the distance

damp

slightly wet, especially in a way that is not pleasant or comfortable:

The grass is still damp.

This shirt still feels a bit damp.

frost

/frɒst/ à từ chỉ hiện tượng băng giá xảy ra khi nhiệt độ xuống dưới 0 độ C, dẫn đến sự hình thành lớp băng mỏng trên bề mặt đất và các vật thể

When I woke up this morning, the ground was covered with frost.

severe

extremely bad

• Severe thunderstorms are expected to hit the area tonight, bringing strong winds and heavy rain.

• The region was under a severe weather warning due to the approaching hurricane.

• Severe drought conditions have destroyed most of the crops this season.

• The flood was caused by severe rainfall over several days.

• Severe heatwaves are becoming more common due to climate change.

• Thousands were evacuated because of the severe snowstorm that shut down roads and power.

• The meteorologist predicted severe winds of up to 100 kilometers per hour.

• Severe cold swept through the northern states, freezing lakes and pipes.

expect

to forecast that a certain type of weather will occur

• We expect heavy rain throughout the evening, so bring an umbrella.

• Snow is expected in the northern regions by tomorrow morning.

• Meteorologists expect a heatwave to hit the city next week.

• You can expect cloudy skies with occasional sunshine this afternoon.

• Thunderstorms are expected to develop late tonight.

• Don’t expect clear weather until the weekend.

• We're expecting temperatures to drop below freezing tonight.

• They expect strong winds of up to 80 km/h along the coast.

• Expect delays on the road due to severe fog.

• The weather service expects a cold front to move in by Friday.

freeze

If you freeze something, you lower its temperature below 0°C, causing it to become cold and often hard, and if something freezes, its temperature goes below 0°C

1. I forgot to freeze the chicken, so now I can’t cook it tonight.

2. She froze the leftover soup to save it for next week.

3. Please freeze the berries before they go bad.

4. They freeze fish immediately after catching it to keep it fresh.

5. He froze a bottle of water to take on his trip.

6. Don’t forget to freeze the ice cream, or it’ll melt.

7. I always freeze my homemade dumplings for quick meals.

8. They froze the samples for scientific testing later.

9. You should freeze the meat if you’re not using it within two days.

10. My mom freezes bananas to use in smoothies.

thaw

to (cause to) change from a solid, frozen state to a liquid or soft one, because of an increase in temperature:

Allow the meat to thaw completely before cooking it.

The sun came out and thawed the ice.

It's beginning to thaw (= the weather is warm enough for snow and ice to melt).

stifling

/ˈstaɪ.fəl.ɪŋ/ extremely hot and unpleasant:

I can't bear this stifling humidity.

Several hundred people were crammed into the stifling room.

muggy

When the weather is muggy, it is unpleasantly warm and the air contains a lot of water.

• It was a muggy summer evening, and everyone was sweating just standing still.

• The air feels muggy today, like a storm is coming.

• I couldn’t sleep last night because it was so muggy, even with the fan on.

• After the rain, the weather turned muggy and sticky.

• This city gets really muggy in July and August.

• I hate muggy weather — it makes my clothes stick to my skin.

• It’s too muggy to go running outside right now.

• Even early in the morning, the air was already muggy and uncomfortable.

• Muggy conditions are common before thunderstorms in the tropics.

• It’s not hot, but it’s muggy, and I’m sweating like crazy!

humid

(of air and weather conditions) containing extremely small drops of water in the air:

New York is very hot and humid in the summer.

a hot and humid climate

boiling

extremely hot:

boiling hot We don't usually have such boiling hot weather.

I wish I'd worn something cooler - I'm boiling.

heatwaves

a period of time such as a few weeks when the weather is much hotter than usual

• Europe experienced record-breaking heatwaves last summer.

• Heatwaves can be deadly, especially for the elderly and young children.

• The city has been under a heatwave warning for the past three days.

• During the heatwave, electricity demand soared due to air conditioner use.

• The crops were damaged due to the prolonged heatwave.

• This is the third heatwave we've had this year — the hottest summer ever!

• Wildfires often occur during heatwaves because of dry conditions.

• Schools closed early because of extreme heatwave conditions.

• Scientists say heatwaves are becoming more common due to climate change.

• A heatwave swept across the desert region, pushing temperatures above 45°C.

shower

a short period of rain or snow:

showers of rain, hail and sleet

You're soaked! Did you get caught in the shower?

thundery/wintry shower There will be thundery/wintry showers over many parts of the country.

snow shower Snow showers are expected at the end of the week.

pour down

to rain very heavily or to rain in large amounts, often suddenly.

• It started to pour down just as we left the house.

• Don’t forget your umbrella – it might pour down later.

• It poured down all night, and the streets were flooded by morning.

• We were caught in the park when it suddenly poured down.

• The rain poured down so hard we couldn’t see the road while driving.

• It’s pouring down out there – let’s wait before going out.

• The game was canceled because it was pouring down too heavily.

• As soon as the thunder roared, it began to pour down.

• She ran for shelter as the rain poured down around her.

• It poured down for hours, turning the backyard into a muddy mess.

torrential rain

extremely heavy rain that falls very quickly and in large amounts. It often causes flooding and makes it difficult to see or move around.

1. orrential rain caused severe flooding across the city.

2. We had to cancel the picnic because of the torrential rain.

3. Torrential rain fell for hours, making driving dangerous.

4. The village was hit by torrential rain during the night.

5. They got soaked in the torrential rain while walking home.

downpour

• We were walking to school when a downpour started — we got soaked!

• After the downpour, the roads were flooded and slippery.

• The sudden downpour caught everyone by surprise.

• There’s a chance of downpours in the afternoon, so bring an umbrella.

• The downpour only lasted ten minutes, but it was enough to cancel the game.

overcast

"Overcast" describes the sky or weather when it is completely covered with clouds, making the day look gray and gloomy.
It usually means there's no sunshine visible, but it doesn't always rain.

• The sky is overcast today, so it might rain soon.

• It was cold and overcast, a typical winter afternoon.

• We canceled our picnic because the weather was overcast and gloomy.

• The sun didn’t come out all day — it stayed overcast until evening.

• An overcast sky hung above the city, making everything look dull.

drought

a long period when there is little or no rain:

This year (a) severe drought has ruined the crops.

gentle breeze

efers to a light and soft wind — not too strong, just enough to feel cool and pleasant.

It’s often used in weather reports or descriptions of a calm and peaceful atmosphere

strong/high wind

gió mạnh, often uncomfortable or dangerous

• Strong winds knocked down several trees during the storm.

• High winds forced the cancellation of several flights.

• Be careful — strong wind can make driving difficult, especially on highways.

• The hikers struggled against the strong wind on the mountain trail.

• High wind warnings were issued for the entire coastal area.

• We couldn’t set up the tent properly because of the strong wind.

• Strong winds blew sand across the beach, stinging our skin.

• The umbrella flipped inside out in the high wind.

• Due to high winds, all ferries have been suspended until further notice.

• Strong winds rattled the windows, keeping me awake all night.

gale

a very strong wind

Hundreds of old trees were blown down in the gales.

hurricane

/ˈhʌr.ɪ.kən/

mist