Honors Bio Semester 1 Final exam

All of Simpson's study games plus vocab from the variables and controls unit

allows you to be more sure that your treatment is causing the affect

controls

what is being measured or recorded

dependent variable

what you choose to apply as treatment

independent variable

what is the mean

average

what is the median

middle

most frequent

what is the mode

the average distance from the mean for any given data point

standard deviation

what is the symbol for the mean

the symbol for the mean

Which term describes centrioles beginning to move apart in animal cells

prophase

Which phase of mitosis has sister chromatids separating

anaphase

If.a fertilized egg went through 6 cell divisions, the early embryo would have how many cells

64

you observe a cell plate forming across the middle of a cell. What kind of cell is this?

A plant cell undergoing cytokinesis

Chromosomes first become visible in this phase

Prophase

A cell is assayed for DNA right after mitosis and has 10 picogram of DNA: After S phase…

it would have 20 picograms of DNA

The somatic cells derived from a single-celled zygote divide by which process

mitosis

If a drug disrupted microtubule formation, what specifically would it affect

the fibers of the mitotic spindle

During which phases are chromosomes composed of two chromatids

from G2 of interphase through metaphase

Why do chromosomes coil during mitosis

to allow the chromosomes to move without becoming entangled

Cells that are in a nondividing state are in which phase

G0

If mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 phase checkpoint, they will

complete the cell cycle

This is the shortest part of the cell cycle

Mitosis

DNA is replicated at this time

Sythesis

What is a genome

the complete copy of an organism’s genes/dna

One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells

continue to divide

The human X and Y chromosomes

include genes that determaine an idividuals sex

which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number 2n=16

each cell has 8 homologous pairs

synapsis of homologous pairs occurs; crossing over may occur. Which phase?

prophase 1

Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs; crossing over may occur. Which type of cell division

Meiosis 1 only

In the diagram, the G1 phase is represented by which numbered parts

I or V

In the diagram DNA synthesis is represented by which numbered parts of the cycle

II

The best conclusion concerning delta is that the cells

are actually in the G0 phase

A human cell containing 22 authosomes and 1 Y chromosomes is

a sperm

Which of these is the smallest unit that would contain two complete copies of the entire human genome

one human somatic cell

What is a way that the sexual life cycle increases genetic variation in a species

by allowing crossing over

This data shows the amount of DNA found in each cell. Which cell is in the G2 phase

II

A cat has 38 chromosomes. How many chromosomes make up one copy of a cat’s genes

19

What is true of a cell that is tetraploid

it has 4 copies of its genome

During meiosis, when do sister chromatids seperate

Metaphase 2

what is an example of reduction division

meiosis

What is the formula for the mitotic index

#of cells in mitosis/total cells

if a cell has 3 pairs of chromosomes how many possible ways can they line up in metaphase 1

8

What does crossing over produce

New allele combinations on each chromosomes

How many chromosomes would be in the egg cell of a banana plant 2n=34

17

What is a way to represent mitosis

2n —> 2n

What is a way to represent meiosis

2n —> n —→ n

How many chromatids are in a human cell during the G2 phase

92

The expected phenotypic ratio for a heterozygous x heterozygous cross

3:1

What is the proper way to show monosomy on the 4th pair

Monosomy-4

If an organism with 2n=62 has a monosomic gamete how many chromosomes will be present

30

How do tetrads form

snyapsis

What must always be true of a carrier female

she is heterozygous for the diseased allele

In a cross where both parents are heterozygous for Gene F, how many offspring out of 200 would also be heterozygous

100

Colorblind sons recieve the bad allele from their_____

mother

When AaBbCc is crossed with AaBbCc what is the chance of getting offspring with genotype. AAbbCC

1.5%

One gene can control (turns on/off) another gene

epistasis

What is true about Mendelian genetics

One allele is dominant and masks a revessive allele

aa is epistatic and prevents pigmentation. What is the correct phenotype of GBAa if yellow is codominant with blue

Blue with yellow spots

What is the expected phenotypic ratio from this cross? DdFf x Dd Ff

9:3:3:1

How many female offspring will show an X-linked recessive traint if their father is non-affected

0%

Produces an intermediate phenotype

incomplete dominance

How would you set up a dihybrid cross with this genotype AaDD

aD, AD

In chickens, Z and W chromosomes control gender. ZZ=male ZW=female For disorders Z-linked, who is more affected?

Female

Gene R is incompletely dominant (R=blue; r=green). Which two parents are crossed and 50% are teal and 50% green...

Rr x rr

How many different child blood genotypes are possible when a codominant mother marries a Type O dad?

2

Cats have 38 chromosomes total including X and Y. How many autosomes would be in a cat’s egg cell

18

How many unique gametes can GgYyFfBBVvnnJj produce?

32

If you cross AaBb x AaBb, what is the chance you'll get genotype "aa" in any of the offspring?

1/4

What is not a correct way to show “blood type B”

iB I

“Hemizygous” refers to the fact that…

Males have one X chromosome

How many boxes are required to solve AaBbxAaBb

16

What is the haploid number in an organism with 50 chromosome pairs

50

what type of inheritance explains an intermediate phenotype, appearing as if the dominant and recessive were mixed?

incomplete dominance

What color lab would be produced by bbEe

brown

if you cross AaBb x AaBb what is the chance of getting aaB_

3/16

What is the expected genotypic ratio from a monohybrid heterozygous

1:2:1

Which of the following could be.a test cross

ww x WW

What is an inactive X-chromosome in a cell known as

Barr body

Why do most organisms have chromosomes in pairs

sexual reproduction requires two parents

What is true about x-inactivation

it is mysterious and not fully understood

seperates internal metabolic event; controls movement of materials

plasma membrane

bodies within cytoplasm; chemical reactions isolated, able to take place w/o interference; large surface areas to max. space for reactions

organelles

contains DNA and nucleoli; site of cell division

nucleus

DNA spread through nucleus like web

chromatin

the site of manufacturing ribosomes

nucleoli

the location of protein synthesis

ribosome

without ribosomes; synthesis of lipids and steroids, detoxification

smooth ER

with ribosomes; modification of proteins and glycoproteins

rough ER

collect, modify, and package proteins, CHO and lipids

golgi apparatus

(animal cells only) vesicles from Golgi with hydrolytic enzymes; break down material in cytosol for recycling; low PH

lysomes

carry out cellular repiration; two membranes allow seperation of metabolic processes

mitochoondria

(plant cells only) carry out photosynthesis; two membranes

chloroplasts

(animal cells only) microtubule organizing centers; create spindle apparatus in cell division

centrioles

move materials between organelles

transport vesicles

(plant cells only) contain most of plant cell interior; extert tugor when full for cell rigidity; functions specialized

central vacuoles

(plant, fungal, and bacterial cells only) used for support

cell walls

plasma membrane, DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell wall

prokaryotes

fuse with membrane, release contents outside cell

exocytosis

capture substance outside cell, fuse w/ membrane, release contents into cell; 3 types: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated

endocytosis

cellular drinking; dissolved material enters cell; forms liquid vesicle

pinocytosis

the semifluid portion of the cytoplasm

cytosol