Evolution and Mendelian Genetics Overview

Flashcards covering key concepts related to evolution and Mendelian genetics from the lecture notes.

Evolution

A process that results in heritable changes in a population spread over multiple generations; also known as descent with modification.

Population

A group of individuals of a single species that live and interbreed in a particular geographic area at the same time.

Allele frequencies

The relative frequency of an allele at a genetic locus in a population; changes in these frequencies over generations signify evolution.

Gregor Mendel

The 'father of modern genetics' known for his experiments on plant hybridization with garden peas (Pisum sativum).

Homozygous

Having identical alleles for a gene.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a gene.

Dominant trait

A trait that is expressed when at least one dominant allele is present.

Recessive trait

A trait that is not expressed unless two copies of the recessive allele are present.

Law of Segregation

The principle stating that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a gene segregate from each other so that each gamete receives only one allele.

Natural Selection

The process by which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to changes in the traits of a population over generations.

Survival of the Fittest

A phrase that summarizes natural selection; refers to the concept that the individuals best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Modern Synthesis

A theory that combines Mendelian genetics with Darwinian evolution, explaining evolution as driven by natural selection acting on genetic variation.