Coasts - general PSD

How many sediment cells are there around the UK?

11

When do waves break?

when water depth is 1.3x the wave height

What tidal ranges count as meso tidal range?

2-4m

In some areas, what % of coastal sediment comes from rivers?

80%

How does temperature affect rate of chemical weathering?

10^oC increase in temperature means a 2.5x increase in rate of chemical weathering

How much pressure can breaking Atlantic waves exert?

11,000 kg/m2

arch example

Durdle Door

stack example

Old Harry’s Rocks

bay example

Swanage Bay

headland example

Durlston Head

cliff example

White Cliffs of Dover

geo example

Huntsman’s Leap, Pembrokeshire

blowhole example

Trevone, Cornwall

cove example

Lulworth cove

spit examples

Spurn Head spit and Hurst castle spit

tombolo example

Chesil Beach

bar example

Looe Bar

cuspate delta example

Tiber River Delta

arcuate delta example

Nile Delta

birds foot delta example

Mississippi River Delta

salt marsh example

Hurst Castle Spit salt marsh

How often does the tilt cycle repeat?

41,000 years

How often does the orbit cycle repeat?

400,000 years

What is the affect of temperature on sea level rise/fall?

1^oC change means the sea level rises/falls by 2m

Tyrrhenian interglacial

130,000 years ago

3^oC higher

20m higher

Riss glacial

108,000 years ago

7^oC lower

83m lower

raised beach example

Isle of Portland raised beach

marine terrace example

San Diego marine terrace

abandoned cliff example

Hadleigh abandoned cliff, England

Wurm glacial

25,000 years ago

9^oC lower

90m lower

followed by Flandrian Transgression

shingle beach example

Chesil Beach - sediment moved 50km to attach to Isle of Portland

ria example

Salcombe, Kingsbridge

fjord example

Sogne Fjord, Norway - 200km long