english academic vocab

Abbreviate

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Abstract

Existing only in the mind; separated from embodiment

According

(followed by 'to') as reported or stated by

Acronym

A word formed form the initial letters of the several words in the name

Address

Address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question

Affect

Have an effect upon

Alter

Cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

Always

At all times; all the time and on every occasion

Analogy

Drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect

Analysis

An investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole

Anaylze

Make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features

Annotate

Add explanatory notes to or supply with critical comments

Anticipate

Make a prediction about; tell in advance

Application

The action of putting something into operation

Apply

Be pertinent or relevant or applicable

Approach

Ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation

Appropriate

Suitable for a particular person or place or condition etc.

Approximate

Not quite exact or correct

Argue

Present reasons and arguments

Argument

A fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

Arrange

Arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events

Articulate

Put into words or an expression

Aspect

A distinct feature or element in a problem

Assemble

Create by putting components or members together

Assert

To declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true

Assess

Evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of

Associate

Make a logical or causal connection

Assume

Take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

Assumption

A statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn

Audience

The part of a general public interested in a source of information or entertainment

Authentic

Conforming to fact and therefore worthy of belief

Background

Information that is essential to understanding a situation or problem

Body

A collection of particulars considered as a system

Brainstorm

Try to solve a problem by thinking intensely about it

Brief

Concise and succinct

Calculate

Make a mathematical calculation or computation

Caption

Brief decription accompanying an illustration

Category

A general concept that marks divisions or coordinations in a conceptual scheme

Cause

Any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results

Character

An imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

Characteristic

A distinguishing quality

Characterize

Describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of

Chart

A visual display of information

Chronology

A record of events in the order of their occurence

Citation

A short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage

Cite

Refer to for illustration or proof

Claim

Assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing

Clarify

Make clear and (more) comprehensible

Class

People having the same social, economic, or educational status

Clue

Evidence that helps to solve a problem

Code

A set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones)

Coherent

Marked by an orderly, logical, and aesthetically consistent relation of parts

Common

Common to or shared by two or more parties

Compare

Examine and note the similarities or differences of

Compile

Put together out of existing material

Complement

Something added to complete or embellish or make perfect

Complete

Write all the required information onto a form

Compose

Produce a literary work

Composition

An essay (especially one written as an assignment)

Concieve

Have the idea for

Concise

Expressing much in few words

Conclude

Reach a conclusion after a discussion or deliberation

Conclusion

A position or opinion or judgement reached after consideration

Concrete

Capable of being perceived by the senses; not abstract or imaginary

Conditions

The prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

Conduct

Direct the course of; manage or control

Confirm

Establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

Consequence

A phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

Consider

Think about carefully; weigh

Consist

Have its essential character; be comprised or contained in; be embodied in

Consistent

The same throughout in structure or composition

Consistently

In a systematic or consistent manner

Constant

Unvarying in nature

Consitute

To compose or represent: "This wall forms the background of the stage setting"

Consult

Seek information from

Contend

Maintain or assert

Context

Discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation

Continuum

A continuous non-spatial whole or extent or succession in which no part or portion is distinct or distinguishable from adjacent parts

Contradict

A standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment

Control

A standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment

Convert

Change the nature, purpose, or function of something

Convey

Make known; pass on, or information

Copy

A reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)

Correlate

To bear a reciprocal or mutual relation

Correspond

Be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics

Credible

Appearing to merit belief or acceptance

Credit

Approval

Criterion

The ideal in terms of which something can be judged

Critique

A serious examination and judgement of something

Crucial

Of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis

Cumulative

Increasing by successive additon

Debate

A discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal

Deduce

Conclude by reasoning; in logic

Defend

Argue or speak in defense of

Define

Determine the nature of

Demand

Require as useful, just, or proper

Demonstrate

Establish the validity or something, as by an example, explanation or experiment

Depict

Give a description of

Derive

Reason by deduction; establish by deduction

Describe

To give an account or representation of in words