Chapter 1.1 - 1.6

The ____________ was a time period when people developed new ideas about human existence, including basic rights and the level of control they should have over government

Enlightenment

Natural rights, according to the Founders, are _________, _____________ and the pursuit of _____________

Life, Liberty, and Happiness

The concept of the " __________ ___________" means people give up some freedoms they'd have in the state of nature in order to protect our Natural Rights

Social Contract

Enlightenment thinkers believed that if a government failed, the people would revoke their "_______ ___ ___ _________"

Consent of the Governed

Many Enlightenment thinkers believed in the concept of "republicanism" meaning the people would __________ on their leaders

vote

The Founding Fathers of the USA embraced a number of these Enlightenment ideas when drafting our most influential __________

Constitution

The founders believed in ___________ ________________, meaning that the _____________ have ultimate power over the government

Popular sovereignty

The founders created a __________ , or a ________________ democracy when they drafted the Constitution

republic and representative

The Constitution was a statement of _______________ ______________. Under this principle, a government only has the powers that's been given to it

Limited Government

An important part of limited government is the __________ __ __________. This means that society is government by laws, and even the government must follow them

Rule of Law

Federalism is the division of power between __________ government and __________ governments (it's the different LEVELs of government)

National and State

Amendments 9 and 10 say that anything that is not in the constitution belongs to the people or the states. These are called __________ (State Powers) powers

Reserved

However, if a state and federal law conflict, the Federal law is __________ . This is because of the __________ Clause which says the Constitution is the "Supreme law of the land"

Supreme and Supremacy

National government powers are called __________ powers (or enumerated or delegated). They are WRITTEN DOWN in the constitution

expressed

__________ powers are not expressly stated in the Constitution, but implied BASED ON an expressed power.

Implied

The __________ and __________ Clause allows the Federal government to do what they believe is needed and appropriate for a government to do

Necessary and Proper

Most of the __________ issues we face as a country are issues of Federalistm

Controversial

__________ was another way to protect against tyranny of concentrated power. It divides power into three branches

Separation of Powers

The legislative branch __________ laws, the executive branch __________ laws, and the judicial branch __________ laws

Makes, Enforces, and Interprets

But this did not go far enough for the founders, So, they created the system of __________ and __________ that gives each branch the ability to restrain the other

Checks and Balances

The __________ Compromise resolved the issue between big and small states with the bicameral (2 House) legislature. One house (The Senate) would be equal. The other (The House) would be proportional

Great

The __________ gave the states an important role in electing the President of the United States. It also gave the people a vote, through not a DIRECT vote, in who would be elected

Electoral Collage

The __________ Compromise resolved differences between northern and southern states. It said that 3/5th of the enslaved population would be counted towards the states population

3/5th

The Founders also created a way to change the Constitution. Article V (5) created the __________ process so that the document could evolve with modern times

Amendment

Supporters of the Constitution called themselves __________ . They wrote a series of essays to persuade people to ratify the Constitution called the Federalist Papers

Federalists

Those opposed to the new Constitution, the __________ , responded with their own series of essays arguing that the Constitution was a threat to liberty

Anti-Federalists

The Federalists believed that __________ were best prepared to govern the nation, and wanted the government to be at a distance from regular people

Elites

The Anti-Federalists believed the elites were __________ , and wanted to include more __________ in the democratic process

Corrupt and People

The Federalists favored: the New Constitution, a __________ central government, 2 houses of congress, __________ branches with Checks and balances, and __________ democracy

Powerful, 3, and Representative

The Anti-Federalists preferred the Articles of Confederation, strong __________ governments, ___________ central governments, and more _________ democracy

State, Weak, and Direct

The Federalists believed that the Constitution created a central government with __________ powers, It was not a threat to individual rights

Limited

The Anti-Federalists believed a __________ was necessary to protect the rights of citizens because the Constitution did not do enough

Bill of Rights

A Confederation is a group of __________ united for a purpose

individuals

The Articles of Confederation was the US' first __________ that took 4 years to pass and explained how the states would be governed as a union

Constitution

Each State was __________ and would send members to the Congress of Confederation. Each state got one vote, and there was one branch

Independent

__________ had a lot of power under the Articles of Confederation (AOC). There was no strong __________ government to tell them what to do

States and Central

But the central government was too weak. It was very hard to __________ laws, raise a __________, or levy (collect) __________

Enforce, Military, and Taxes

Shays' __________ brought the issues to the forefront of the debate. At this point, something had to be done to fix the problem

Rebellion