Mocks flashcards ( aka topic 3, 4 , 6, 7 , 8 , 9

what is a neutralisation reaction

A neutralisation reaction is a reaction between an acid and a base. Acids in solution are sources of hydrogen ions , H. + alkalis in solution are sources of hydroxide ions, OH.

write the ionic equation for the neutralisation reaction of hydrochloric acid with potassium hydroxide

H+ + 0H- → H2O

what is the ammonia from the Haber process used for

nitrogen based fertilisers

where is nitrogen from

the air

where is hydrogen from

you make it from hydrocarbons like methane

is the Haber process endo/exo thermic

exothermic

it produces heat

what are the conditions for the haber process

450\*C

200 atmospheres

gasses pass over an iron catalyst

how is the ammonia separated from the nitrogen and hydrogen that hasn’t reacted

passing the mix thru the condenser, to cool the gaseous ammonia till it cools into liquid ammonia as it has a lower boiling point

what happens to the gaseous nitrogen and hydrogen when it doesn’t condense in the cooling chamber

it’s recycled

why do we NEED a low temp for the Haber process

the reaction is exothermic, so we need a low temp to favour -the forwards reaction → higher % yield

why is it not possible to have such a lower temp for the Haber process

we need a high temp for a higher rate of reaction, so 450\*C is a compromise

why is a high pressure needed for the haber processor

there are fewer molecules of products than reactants

so high pressure will push equilibrium to the right

high pressure also increases r8 of reaction

what limits how high we can make pressure in the Haber process

cost

saftey

how does pressure effect the equilibrium of a system

to lower the pressure, the equilibrium will move to the side with the least number of molecules

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and vice verse

what does an ester bond look like

order of hydrocarbons in a cooling chamber

four ways to make something pure

filtration

distilation

crystalisation

chromatography

pure substances melt at a specific temperature

meaning of affinity

Affinity is the **tendency of a chemical species such as an atom or molecule to react with another to form a chemical compound**.

what is Rf

The ratio of the distance moved by a compound (centre of spot from origin) to the distance moved by the solvent can be expressed as its Rf value

what is a thermosoftening polymer