unit 2 - ap chem

ionic

ionic

bond type between a metal (cation) and a nonmetal (anion) / transfer of electrons

polar covalent

type of bond between two nonmetals / shares electrons unequally (EN diff. of 0.3 or less)

nonpolar covalent

type of bond between two nonmetals / shares electrons equally (EN diff. equal or more than 0.4)

metallic

bond type between two metals / electrons not associated, travel freely, “electron sea”, DELOCALIZED

single bond

weakest / longest bond / fewest shared electrons

triple bond

strongest / shortest bond / most shared electrons

alloy

combining two or more metals

substitutional alloy

atoms have similar radii / one atom substitutes for another atom in the lattice

interstitiual alloy

super obvious difference in radii / smaller atoms fill up the space in the larger atoms

resonance

mobile bonds when multiple structures are identical

formal charge

hypothetical charge used to predict the most dominant or accurate lewis structure / VE - lines - dots = FC

VSEPR theory

valence shell electron pair repulsion / like charges repel / bonds and lone pairs will arrange themselves in order to minimize repulsion

bond hybridization

it is possible for orbitals to morph into new hybrid orbitals to allow for the maximum amount of bonds

electrostatic force

positive cations are attracted to negative anions