Vocabulary

Matthew Perry

Sent by U.S. to Japan in 1853

Emperor Meiji

Modernized Japan after taking control in the 1860s

Teddy Roosevelt

Brokered a treaty between Russia and Japan in 1905

Emperor Taisho

Instituted several liberal reforms to Japan in the 1920s

Jiang Jieshi

Leader of China's Guomindang Nationalist Party

Millard Fillmore

Sent a letter to Japan, demanding it open ports to U.S. trade

Allies

WWI alliance that included Russia, France, UK, US, Japan

Central powers

WWI alliance of Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire

League of Nations

First global cooperative organization; formed after WWI

Red Army

Pro-Bolshevik forces that won the Russian Civil War

White Army

Anti-Communist forces that fought in Russia's Civil War

Bolsheviks

Communists who took over Russia's government in 1917

Vladimir Lenin

Led the Bolshevik takeover of Russia's government in 1917

Nicholas II

Czar of Russia, overthrown during the revolution of 1917

Sino-Japanese war

Began when China sent troops into Korea; 1894-1895

Triple Innervation

Germany, Russia, & France revised Japan's treaty with China

Russo-Japanese war

Over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria & Korea; 1904-05

World War 1

Began when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia; 1914-18

Russian Revolution

Resulted in the fall of the czar and the rise of Bolsheviks; 1917

Russian Civil War

Conflict over communism between Reds and Whites; 1918-21

Paris Peace Conference

Meeting of victorious Allies at end of WWI; Jan. to June 1919

Opium Wars

Conflicts between China and Britain from the 1830s to 1860s

Chinese Civil War

Conflict between communists and Nationalists; 1927-1950

Treaty of Versailles

Granted German territory in China and Pacific to Japan; 1919

Gunboat diplomacy

Use of naval intimidation to get imperialist demands met

Shimonoseki Treaty

China gave Taiwan & other mainland rights to Japan in 1895

Isolationist Policy

Restricted relations between Japan & foreigners, 1600-1800s

Anglo-Japanese Alliance

Arrangement made in 1902 to shield Japan from interventions

Treaty of Portsmouth

Ended Russo-Jap. War; gave Korea and S. Manchuria to Japan

Twenty-One Demands

Claims made by Japan to special privileges in China in 1915

Peace Preservation Law

PAssed in 1925 to suppress political opposition & communism

Kanagawa Treaty

Ended Japan's isolationism in 1854 & opened ports to the U.S.

Washington Treaties

Agreements to preserve peace in Pacific & East Asia in 1920s

Nationalism

Loyalty to a nation-state which surpasses all other interests

Militarism

Maintenance of a military to promote national interests

Emperor

Relatively powerless hereditary leadership position in Japan

Shogun

Supreme general of the emperor's army, i.e., military dictator

Imperialism

Policy of extending a country's power/influence over another

Samurai

A powerful military or warrior caste in Japan, 1100s to 1800s

Indemnity

Obligation to compensate the loss incurred by the other party

Industrialization

Reorganization of economy for the purpose of manufacturing

Treaty ports

Coastal cities in China & Japan forced to open to foreign trade

Sphere of influence

Claim by a state to exclusive economic control over a territory

Protectorate

A weaker state that is partly controlled by a stronger state

Yellow Peril

Stereotype of East Asians as a danger to the Western world

Internationalism

Pursuing greater global political or economic cooperation

Diet

A political legislative body or a formal deliberative assembly

Diplomacy

Practice of managing foreign relations through negotations

Daimyo

Feudal lords that dominated Japan from 1100s to late 1800s

Enfranchisement

The right to vote