Gross Motor Skills

Newborn

Flexor tone predominates

Newborn

In prone, turns head to side

Newborn

Automatic reflex walking

Newborn

Rounded spine when held sitting

4 months

Head midline

4 months

Head held when pulled to sit

4 months

In prone, lifts head to 90° and lifts chest slightly

4 months

Turns to supine

7 months

Maintains sitting, may lean on arms

7 months

Rolls to prone

7 months

Bears all weight, bounces when held erect

7 months

Cervical lordosis

10 months

Creeps on all 4's

10 months

Pivots in sitting

10 months

Stands momentarily

10 months

Cruises

10 months

Slight bow leg

10 months

Increased lumbar lordosis; acute lumbosacral angulation

14 months (1.2 years)

Walks alone, arms in high guard or midguard

14 months (1.2 years)

Wide base, excessive hip and knee flexion

14 months (1.2 years)

Foot contact on entire sole

14 months (1.2 years)

Slight valgus of knee and feet

14 months (1.2 years)

Pelvic tilt and rotation

18 months (1.6 years)

Arms at low guard

18 months (1.6 years)

Mature supporting base and heel strike

18 months (1.6 years)

Sits self in chair

18 months (1.6 years)

Walks backward

2 years

Begins running

2 years

Walks up and down stairs alone

2 years

Jumps on both feet in place

3 years

Runs well

3 years

Pedals tricycle

3 years

Broad jumps

3 years

Walks up stairs with alternating feet

4 years

Walks down stairs with alternating feet

4 years

Hops on one foot

4 years

Plantar arches developing

4 years

Sits up from supine position without rotating

5 years

Skips; tiptoes

5 years

Balances 10 seconds on each foot

6 years

Rides bicycle

6 years

Roller skates

7 years

Continuing refinement of skills